9.3. Rich：Python开发者的终端工具！¶
Rich 是一个 Python 库，可以为你在终端中提供富文本和漂亮、精美的格式。
使用 Rich API 可以很容易的在终端输出添加各种颜色和不同风格。 它可以绘制漂亮的表格，进度条，markdown，突出显示语法的源代码及回溯等等，优秀的功能不胜枚举。
Rich 适用于 Linux，OSX 和 Windows。可与新的 Windows 终端一起使用，Windows 的经典终端仅限 8 种颜色。
Rich 还可以与 Jupyter NoteBook 一起使用，而无需其他配置。
9.3.1. Rich 安装说明¶
请选择以下任一种方式输入命令安装依赖：
Windows 环境 打开 Cmd (开始-运行-CMD)。 MacOS 环境 打开 Terminal (command+空格输入Terminal)。 如果你用的是 VSCode编辑器 或 Pycharm，可以直接使用界面下方的Terminal.
pip install rich
9.3.2. Rich 的 Print 功能¶
想毫不费力地将 Rich 的输出功能添加到你的Python脚本程序中，你只需导入 rich print 方法，该方法和其他 Python 的自带功能的参数类似。你可以试试：
>>> from rich import print
>>> print("Hello, [bold magenta]World[/bold magenta]!", ":vampire:", locals())
Hello, World! 🧛 { '__name__': '__main__', '__doc__': 'Automatically created module for IPython interactive environment', '__package__': None, '__loader__': None, '__spec__': None, '__builtin__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>, '__builtins__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>, '_ih': [ '', 'from rich import print\nprint("Hello, [bold magenta]World[/bold magenta]!", ":vampire:", locals())', 'from rich.console import Console\nconsole = Console()\nConsole 对象含有一个 print 方法，它的界面与 python 内置的 print 功能相似。你可以试试：\n\nconsole.print("Hello", "World!")', 'from rich.console import Console\nconsole = Console()', 'console.print("Hello", "World!")', 'console.print("Hello", "World!", style="bold red")', 'console.print("Where there is a [bold cyan]Will[/bold cyan] there [u]is[/u] a [i]way[/i].")', 'from rich.console import Console\nconsole = Console()\n\ntest_data = [\n {"jsonrpc": "2.0", "method": "sum", "params": [None, 1, 2, 4, False, True], "id": "1",},\n {"jsonrpc": "2.0", "method": "notify_hello", "params": [7]},\n {"jsonrpc": "2.0", "method": "subtract", "params": [42, 23], "id": "2"},\n]\n\ndef test_log():\n enabled = False\n context = {\n "foo": "bar",\n }\n movies = ["Deadpool", "Rise of the Skywalker"]\n console.log("Hello from", console, "!")\n console.log(test_data, log_locals=True)\n\n\ntest_log()', 'console.print(":smiley: :vampire: :pile_of_poo: :thumbs_up: :raccoon:")', 'from rich.console import Console\nfrom rich.table import Column, Table\n\nconsole = Console()\n\ntable = Table(show_header=True, header_style="bold magenta")\ntable.add_column("Date", style="dim", width=12)\ntable.add_column("Title")\ntable.add_column("Production Budget", justify="right")\ntable.add_column("Box Office", justify="right")\ntable.add_row(\n "Dev 20, 2019", "Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker", "$275,000,000", "$375,126,118"\n)\ntable.add_row(\n "May 25, 2018",\n "[red]Solo[/red]: A Star Wars Story",\n "$275,000,000",\n "$393,151,347",\n)\ntable.add_row(\n "Dec 15, 2017",\n "Star Wars Ep. VIII: The Last Jedi",\n "$262,000,000",\n "[bold]$1,332,539,889[/bold]",\n)\n\nconsole.print(table)', 'from rich.progress import track\n\nfor step in track(range(100)):\n do_step(step)', 'from rich.progress import track\ndef do_step(idx):\n out = idx * 50\nfor step in track(range(100)):\n do_step(step)', 'import os\nimport sys\n\nfrom rich import print\nfrom rich.columns import Columns\n\ndirectory = os.listdir(sys.argv[1])\nprint(Columns(directory))', "import os\nimport sys\n\nfrom rich import print\nfrom rich.columns import Columns\n\ndirectory = os.listdir('..)\nprint(Columns(directory))", "import os\nimport sys\n\nfrom rich import print\nfrom rich.columns import Columns\n\ndirectory = os.listdir('..')\nprint(Columns(directory))", "import os\nimport sys\n\nfrom rich import print\nfrom rich.columns import Columns\n\ndirectory = os.listdir('../..')\nprint(Columns(directory))", 'from rich.console import Console\nfrom rich.markdown import Markdown\n\nconsole = Console()\nwith open("README.md") as readme:\n markdown = Markdown(readme.read())\nconsole.print(markdown)', 'from rich.console import Console\nfrom rich.syntax import Syntax\n\nmy_code = \'\'\'\ndef iter_first_last(values: Iterable[T]) -> Iterable[Tuple[bool, bool, T]]:\n """Iterate and generate a tuple with a flag for first and last value."""\n iter_values = iter(values)\n try:\n previous_value = next(iter_values)\n except StopIteration:\n return\n first = True\n for value in iter_values:\n yield first, False, previous_value\n first = False\n previous_value = value\n yield first, True, previous_value\n\'\'\'\nsyntax = Syntax(my_code, "python", theme="monokai", line_numbers=True)\nconsole = Console()\nconsole.print(syntax)', 'from rich.console import Console\nfrom rich.markdown import Markdown\n\nconsole = Console()\nwith open("../../README.md") as readme:\n markdown = Markdown(readme.read())\nconsole.print(markdown)', 'from rich import print\nprint("Hello, [bold magenta]World[/bold magenta]!", ":vampire:", locals())' ], '_oh': {}, '_dh': [PosixPath('/home/bk/book-jubook/python/jubook_python/pt05_tool/ch08_misc')], 'In': [ '', 'from rich import print\nprint("Hello, [bold magenta]World[/bold magenta]!", ":vampire:", locals())', 'from rich.console import Console\nconsole = Console()\nConsole 对象含有一个 print 方法，它的界面与 python 内置的 print 功能相似。你可以试试：\n\nconsole.print("Hello", "World!")', 'from rich.console import Console\nconsole = Console()', 'console.print("Hello", "World!")', 'console.print("Hello", "World!", style="bold red")', 'console.print("Where there is a [bold cyan]Will[/bold cyan] there [u]is[/u] a [i]way[/i].")', 'from rich.console import Console\nconsole = Console()\n\ntest_data = [\n {"jsonrpc": "2.0", "method": "sum", "params": [None, 1, 2, 4, False, True], "id": "1",},\n {"jsonrpc": "2.0", "method": "notify_hello", "params": [7]},\n {"jsonrpc": "2.0", "method": "subtract", "params": [42, 23], "id": "2"},\n]\n\ndef test_log():\n enabled = False\n context = {\n "foo": "bar",\n }\n movies = ["Deadpool", "Rise of the Skywalker"]\n console.log("Hello from", console, "!")\n console.log(test_data, log_locals=True)\n\n\ntest_log()', 'console.print(":smiley: :vampire: :pile_of_poo: :thumbs_up: :raccoon:")', 'from rich.console import Console\nfrom rich.table import Column, Table\n\nconsole = Console()\n\ntable = Table(show_header=True, header_style="bold magenta")\ntable.add_column("Date", style="dim", width=12)\ntable.add_column("Title")\ntable.add_column("Production Budget", justify="right")\ntable.add_column("Box Office", justify="right")\ntable.add_row(\n "Dev 20, 2019", "Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker", "$275,000,000", "$375,126,118"\n)\ntable.add_row(\n "May 25, 2018",\n "[red]Solo[/red]: A Star Wars Story",\n "$275,000,000",\n "$393,151,347",\n)\ntable.add_row(\n "Dec 15, 2017",\n "Star Wars Ep. VIII: The Last Jedi",\n "$262,000,000",\n "[bold]$1,332,539,889[/bold]",\n)\n\nconsole.print(table)', 'from rich.progress import track\n\nfor step in track(range(100)):\n do_step(step)', 'from rich.progress import track\ndef do_step(idx):\n out = idx * 50\nfor step in track(range(100)):\n do_step(step)', 'import os\nimport sys\n\nfrom rich import print\nfrom rich.columns import Columns\n\ndirectory = os.listdir(sys.argv[1])\nprint(Columns(directory))', "import os\nimport sys\n\nfrom rich import print\nfrom rich.columns import Columns\n\ndirectory = os.listdir('..)\nprint(Columns(directory))", "import os\nimport sys\n\nfrom rich import print\nfrom rich.columns import Columns\n\ndirectory = os.listdir('..')\nprint(Columns(directory))", "import os\nimport sys\n\nfrom rich import print\nfrom rich.columns import Columns\n\ndirectory = os.listdir('../..')\nprint(Columns(directory))", 'from rich.console import Console\nfrom rich.markdown import Markdown\n\nconsole = Console()\nwith open("README.md") as readme:\n markdown = Markdown(readme.read())\nconsole.print(markdown)', 'from rich.console import Console\nfrom rich.syntax import Syntax\n\nmy_code = \'\'\'\ndef iter_first_last(values: Iterable[T]) -> Iterable[Tuple[bool, bool, T]]:\n """Iterate and generate a tuple with a flag for first and last value."""\n iter_values = iter(values)\n try:\n previous_value = next(iter_values)\n except StopIteration:\n return\n first = True\n for value in iter_values:\n yield first, False, previous_value\n first = False\n previous_value = value\n yield first, True, previous_value\n\'\'\'\nsyntax = Syntax(my_code, "python", theme="monokai", line_numbers=True)\nconsole = Console()\nconsole.print(syntax)', 'from rich.console import Console\nfrom rich.markdown import Markdown\n\nconsole = Console()\nwith open("../../README.md") as readme:\n markdown = Markdown(readme.read())\nconsole.print(markdown)', 'from rich import print\nprint("Hello, [bold magenta]World[/bold magenta]!", ":vampire:", locals())' ], 'Out': {}, 'get_ipython': <bound method InteractiveShell.get_ipython of <ipykernel.zmqshell.ZMQInteractiveShell object at 0x7fcc0cf48f90>>, 'exit': <IPython.core.autocall.ZMQExitAutocall object at 0x7fcc0cf671d0>, 'quit': <IPython.core.autocall.ZMQExitAutocall object at 0x7fcc0cf671d0>, '_': '', '__': '', '___': '', '_i': 'from rich.console import Console\nfrom rich.markdown import Markdown\n\nconsole = Console()\nwith open("../../README.md") as readme:\n markdown = Markdown(readme.read())\nconsole.print(markdown)', '_ii': 'from rich.console import Console\nfrom rich.syntax import Syntax\n\nmy_code = \'\'\'\ndef iter_first_last(values: Iterable[T]) -> Iterable[Tuple[bool, bool, T]]:\n """Iterate and generate a tuple with a flag for first and last value."""\n iter_values = iter(values)\n try:\n previous_value = next(iter_values)\n except StopIteration:\n return\n first = True\n for value in iter_values:\n yield first, False, previous_value\n first = False\n previous_value = value\n yield first, True, previous_value\n\'\'\'\nsyntax = Syntax(my_code, "python", theme="monokai", line_numbers=True)\nconsole = Console()\nconsole.print(syntax)', '_iii': 'from rich.console import Console\nfrom rich.markdown import Markdown\n\nconsole = Console()\nwith open("README.md") as readme:\n markdown = Markdown(readme.read())\nconsole.print(markdown)', '_i1': 'from rich import print\nprint("Hello, [bold magenta]World[/bold magenta]!", ":vampire:", locals())', 'print': <function print at 0x7fcc0cf5ec00>, '_i2': 'from rich.console import Console\nconsole = Console()\nConsole 对象含有一个 print 方法，它的界面与 python 内置的 print 功能相似。你可以试试：\n\nconsole.print("Hello", "World!")', '_i3': 'from rich.console import Console\nconsole = Console()', 'Console': <class 'rich.console.Console'>, 'console': <console width=115 ColorSystem.TRUECOLOR>, '_i4': 'console.print("Hello", "World!")', '_i5': 'console.print("Hello", "World!", style="bold red")', '_i6': 'console.print("Where there is a [bold cyan]Will[/bold cyan] there [u]is[/u] a [i]way[/i].")', '_i7': 'from rich.console import Console\nconsole = Console()\n\ntest_data = [\n {"jsonrpc": "2.0", "method": "sum", "params": [None, 1, 2, 4, False, True], "id": "1",},\n {"jsonrpc": "2.0", "method": "notify_hello", "params": [7]},\n {"jsonrpc": "2.0", "method": "subtract", "params": [42, 23], "id": "2"},\n]\n\ndef test_log():\n enabled = False\n context = {\n "foo": "bar",\n }\n movies = ["Deadpool", "Rise of the Skywalker"]\n console.log("Hello from", console, "!")\n console.log(test_data, log_locals=True)\n\n\ntest_log()', 'test_data': [ {'jsonrpc': '2.0', 'method': 'sum', 'params': [None, 1, 2, 4, False, True], 'id': '1'}, {'jsonrpc': '2.0', 'method': 'notify_hello', 'params': [7]}, {'jsonrpc': '2.0', 'method': 'subtract', 'params': [42, 23], 'id': '2'} ], 'test_log': <function test_log at 0x7fcc0cf5e980>, '_i8': '>>> console.print(":smiley: :vampire: :pile_of_poo: :thumbs_up: :raccoon:")', '_i9': 'from rich.console import Console\nfrom rich.table import Column, Table\n\nconsole = Console()\n\ntable = Table(show_header=True, header_style="bold magenta")\ntable.add_column("Date", style="dim", width=12)\ntable.add_column("Title")\ntable.add_column("Production Budget", justify="right")\ntable.add_column("Box Office", justify="right")\ntable.add_row(\n "Dev 20, 2019", "Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker", "$275,000,000", "$375,126,118"\n)\ntable.add_row(\n "May 25, 2018",\n "[red]Solo[/red]: A Star Wars Story",\n "$275,000,000",\n "$393,151,347",\n)\ntable.add_row(\n "Dec 15, 2017",\n "Star Wars Ep. VIII: The Last Jedi",\n "$262,000,000",\n "[bold]$1,332,539,889[/bold]",\n)\n\nconsole.print(table)', 'Column': <class 'rich.table.Column'>, 'Table': <class 'rich.table.Table'>, 'table': <rich.table.Table object at 0x7fcc08207d10>, '_i10': 'from rich.progress import track\n\nfor step in track(range(100)):\n do_step(step)', 'track': <function track at 0x7fcc0cf5ee80>, 'step': 99, '_i11': 'from rich.progress import track\ndef do_step(idx):\n out = idx * 50\nfor step in track(range(100)):\n do_step(step)', 'do_step': <function do_step at 0x7fcc0d88bb00>, '_i12': 'import os\nimport sys\n\nfrom rich import print\nfrom rich.columns import Columns\n\ndirectory = os.listdir(sys.argv[1])\nprint(Columns(directory))', 'os': <module 'os' (frozen)>, 'sys': <module 'sys' (built-in)>, 'Columns': <class 'rich.columns.Columns'>, '_i13': "import os\nimport sys\n\nfrom rich import print\nfrom rich.columns import Columns\n\ndirectory = os.listdir('..)\nprint(Columns(directory))", '_i14': "import os\nimport sys\n\nfrom rich import print\nfrom rich.columns import Columns\n\ndirectory = os.listdir('..')\nprint(Columns(directory))", 'directory': [ 'Untitled-Copy1.ipynb', 'pt10_opencv2', 'index.ipynb', 'README.md', 'pt11_EffectivePython', 'pt08_nlpkl', 'pt06_subject', 'pt07_scicomputation', 'pt13_Working-with-Excel-file', 'pt01_basic', 'pt12_Beyond-the-Basic-Stuff', 'pt09_pygis', 'pt05_tool', '.ipynb_checkpoints', 'pt04_essential', 'pt03_thinking' ], '_i15': "import os\nimport sys\n\nfrom rich import print\nfrom rich.columns import Columns\n\ndirectory = os.listdir('../..')\nprint(Columns(directory))", '_i16': 'from rich.console import Console\nfrom rich.markdown import Markdown\n\nconsole = Console()\nwith open("README.md") as readme:\n markdown = Markdown(readme.read())\nconsole.print(markdown)', 'Markdown': <class 'rich.markdown.Markdown'>, '_i17': 'from rich.console import Console\nfrom rich.syntax import Syntax\n\nmy_code = \'\'\'\ndef iter_first_last(values: Iterable[T]) -> Iterable[Tuple[bool, bool, T]]:\n """Iterate and generate a tuple with a flag for first and last value."""\n iter_values = iter(values)\n try:\n previous_value = next(iter_values)\n except StopIteration:\n return\n first = True\n for value in iter_values:\n yield first, False, previous_value\n first = False\n previous_value = value\n yield first, True, previous_value\n\'\'\'\nsyntax = Syntax(my_code, "python", theme="monokai", line_numbers=True)\nconsole = Console()\nconsole.print(syntax)', 'Syntax': <class 'rich.syntax.Syntax'>, 'my_code': '\ndef iter_first_last(values: Iterable[T]) -> Iterable[Tuple[bool, bool, T]]:\n """Iterate and generate a tuple with a flag for first and last value."""\n iter_values = iter(values)\n try:\n previous_value = next(iter_values)\n except StopIteration:\n return\n first = True\n for value in iter_values:\n yield first, False, previous_value\n first = False\n previous_value = value\n yield first, True, previous_value\n', 'syntax': <rich.syntax.Syntax object at 0x7fcbe9b9f1d0>, '_i18': 'from rich.console import Console\nfrom rich.markdown import Markdown\n\nconsole = Console()\nwith open("../../README.md") as readme:\n markdown = Markdown(readme.read())\nconsole.print(markdown)', 'readme': <_io.TextIOWrapper name='../../README.md' mode='r' encoding='UTF-8'>, 'markdown': <rich.markdown.Markdown object at 0x7fcbe9b65790>, '_i19': 'from rich import print\nprint("Hello, [bold magenta]World[/bold magenta]!", ":vampire:", locals())' }
可以看到，基于 rich 的 print 方法输出的内容都是带颜色、带重点的，相比于Python自带的 print 有明显的优势。
9.3.3. 自定义 Console 控制台输出¶
想要对 Rich 终端内容进行更多的自定义设置，你需要导入并构造一个控制台对象：
>>> from rich.console import Console
>>> console = Console()
Console 对象含有一个 print 方法，它的界面与 python 内置的 print 功能相似。你可以试试：
>>> console.print("Hello", "World!")
Hello World!
你可能已经料到，这时终端上会显示“ Hello World！”，请注意，与内置的“打印”功能不同，Rich 会将文字自动换行以适合终端宽度。
有几种方法可以为输出添加自定义颜色和样式。你可以通过添加 style 关键字参数来为整个输出设置样式。例子如下：
>>> console.print("Hello", "World!", style="bold red")
Hello World!
输出如下图：
这个范例一次只设置了一行文字的样式。如果想获得更细腻更复杂的样式，Rich 可以渲染一个特殊的标记，其语法类似于 bbcode。示例如下：
>>> console.print("Where there is a [bold cyan]Will[/bold cyan] there [u]is[/u] a [i]way[/i].")
Where there is a Will there is a way.
9.3.4. Console 控制台记录¶
Console 对象具有一个 log() 方法，该方法具有与 print() 类似的界面，除此之外，还能显示当前时间以及被调用的文件和行。
默认情况下，Rich 将针对 Python 结构和 repr 字符串进行语法突出显示。如果你记录一个集合（如字典或列表），Rich 会把它漂亮地打印出来，使其切合可用空间。下面是其中一些功能的示例：
>>> from rich.console import Console
>>> console = Console()
>>>
>>> test_data = [
>>> {"jsonrpc": "2.0", "method": "sum", "params": [None, 1, 2, 4, False, True], "id": "1",},
>>> {"jsonrpc": "2.0", "method": "notify_hello", "params": [7]},
>>> {"jsonrpc": "2.0", "method": "subtract", "params": [42, 23], "id": "2"},
>>> ]
>>>
>>> def test_log():
>>> enabled = False
>>> context = {
>>> "foo": "bar",
>>> }
>>> movies = ["Deadpool", "Rise of the Skywalker"]
>>> console.log("Hello from", console, "!")
>>> console.log(test_data, log_locals=True)
>>>
>>>
>>> test_log()
[15:12:12] Hello from <console width=115 ColorSystem.TRUECOLOR> ! 3438779683.py:16
[ 3438779683.py:17 { 'jsonrpc': '2.0', 'method': 'sum', 'params': [None, 1, 2, 4, False, True], 'id': '1' }, {'jsonrpc': '2.0', 'method': 'notify_hello', 'params': [7]}, {'jsonrpc': '2.0', 'method': 'subtract', 'params': [42, 23], 'id': '2'} ] ╭──────────────────── locals ─────────────────────╮ │ context = {'foo': 'bar'} │ │ enabled = False │ │ movies = ['Deadpool', 'Rise of the Skywalker'] │ ╰─────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
以上范例的输出如下：
注意其中的 log_locals 参数会输出一个表格，该表格包含调用 log 方法的局部变量。
log 方法既可用于将长时间运行应用程序（例如服务器）的日志记录到终端，也可用于辅助调试。
Logging 处理程序
你还可以使用内置的处理类来对 Python 日志记录模块的输出进行格式化和着色。下面是输出示例：
9.3.5. 表情符号¶
将名称放在两个冒号之间即可在控制台输出中插入表情符号。示例如下：
>>> console.print(":smiley: :vampire: :pile_of_poo: :thumbs_up: :raccoon:")
😃 🧛 💩 👍 🦝
请谨慎地使用此功能。
9.3.6. 表格¶
Rich 包含多种边框，样式，单元格对齐等格式设置的选项。下面是一个简单的示例：
>>> from rich.console import Console
>>> from rich.table import Column, Table
>>>
>>> console = Console()
>>>
>>> table = Table(show_header=True, header_style="bold magenta")
>>> table.add_column("Date", style="dim", width=12)
>>> table.add_column("Title")
>>> table.add_column("Production Budget", justify="right")
>>> table.add_column("Box Office", justify="right")
>>> table.add_row(
>>> "Dev 20, 2019", "Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker", "$275,000,000", "$375,126,118"
>>> )
>>> table.add_row(
>>> "May 25, 2018",
>>> "[red]Solo[/red]: A Star Wars Story",
>>> "$275,000,000",
>>> "$393,151,347",
>>> )
>>> table.add_row(
>>> "Dec 15, 2017",
>>> "Star Wars Ep. VIII: The Last Jedi",
>>> "$262,000,000",
>>> "[bold]$1,332,539,889[/bold]",
>>> )
>>>
>>> console.print(table)
┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓ ┃ Date ┃ Title ┃ Production Budget ┃ Box Office ┃ ┡━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┩ │ Dev 20, 2019 │ Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker │ $275,000,000 │ $375,126,118 │ │ May 25, 2018 │ Solo: A Star Wars Story │ $275,000,000 │ $393,151,347 │ │ Dec 15, 2017 │ Star Wars Ep. VIII: The Last Jedi │ $262,000,000 │ $1,332,539,889 │ └──────────────┴───────────────────────────────────┴───────────────────┴────────────────┘
该示例的输出如下：
请注意，控制台标记的呈现方式与 print() 和 log() 相同。实际上，由 Rich 渲染的任何内容都可以添加到标题/行（甚至其他表格）中。
Table 类很聪明，可以调整列的大小以适合终端的可用宽度，并能根据需要做文本环绕的处理。下面是相同的示例，输出与比上表小的终端上：
9.3.7. 进度条¶
Rich 可以渲染多个不闪烁的进度条形图，以跟踪长时间运行的任务。
基本用法：用 track 函数调用程序并迭代结果。下面是一个例子：
>>> from rich.progress import track
>>> def do_step(idx):
>>> out = idx * 50
>>> for step in track(range(100)):
>>> do_step(step)
Working... ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 100% 0:00:00
添加多个进度条并不难。以下是效果示例：
动图封面 这些列可以配置为显示你所需的任何详细信息。
内置列包括完成百分比，文件大小，文件速度和剩余时间。下面是显示正在进行的下载的示例：
动图封面 它可以在显示进度的同时下载多个 URL。要自己尝试一下，请参阅示例文件中的 examples/downloader.py ，在Python实用宝典公众号后台回复 rich示例 下载全部示例。
9.3.8. 按列输出数据¶
Rich 可以将内容通过排列整齐的，具有相等或最佳的宽度的列来呈现。下面是（macOS / Linux） ls 命令的一个非常基本的克隆，用列来显示目录列表：
>>> import os
>>> import sys
>>>
>>> from rich import print
>>> from rich.columns import Columns
>>>
>>> directory = os.listdir('../..')
>>> print(Columns(directory))
Untitled-Copy1.ipynb pt10_opencv2 index.ipynb README.md pt11_EffectivePython pt08_nlpkl pt06_subject pt07_scicomputation pt13_Working-with-Excel-file pt01_basic pt12_Beyond-the-Basic-Stuff pt09_pygis pt05_tool .ipynb_checkpoints pt04_essential pt03_thinking
以下屏幕截图是列示例的输出，该列显示了从 API 提取的数据：
9.3.9. Markdown¶
Rich 可以呈现markdown，相当不错的将其格式显示到终端。
为了渲染 markdown，请导入 Markdown 类，将其打印到控制台。例子如下：
>>> from rich.console import Console
>>> from rich.markdown import Markdown
>>>
>>> console = Console()
>>> with open("../../README.md") as readme:
>>> markdown = Markdown(readme.read())
>>> console.print(markdown)
┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓
┃ Python notes ┃
┗━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛
在 Jupyter 维护的 Python Notes 内容。
该例子的输出如下图：
9.3.10. 语法突出显示¶
Rich 使用 pygments 库来实现语法高亮显示。用法类似于渲染 markdown。构造一个 Syntax 对象并将其打印到控制台。下面是一个例子：
>>> from rich.console import Console
>>> from rich.syntax import Syntax
>>>
>>> my_code = '''
>>> def iter_first_last(values: Iterable[T]) -> Iterable[Tuple[bool, bool, T]]:
>>> """Iterate and generate a tuple with a flag for first and last value."""
>>> iter_values = iter(values)
>>> try:
>>> previous_value = next(iter_values)
>>> except StopIteration:
>>> return
>>> first = True
>>> for value in iter_values:
>>> yield first, False, previous_value
>>> first = False
>>> previous_value = value
>>> yield first, True, previous_value
>>> '''
>>> syntax = Syntax(my_code, "python", theme="monokai", line_numbers=True)
>>> console = Console()
>>> console.print(syntax)
1 2 def iter_first_last(values: Iterable[T]) -> Iterable[Tuple[bool, bool, T]]: 3 """Iterate and generate a tuple with a flag for first and last value.""" 4 iter_values = iter(values) 5 try: 6 previous_value = next(iter_values) 7 except StopIteration: 8 return 9 first = True 10 for value in iter_values: 11 yield first, False, previous_value 12 first = False 13 previous_value = value 14 yield first, True, previous_value 15
输出如下：
9.3.11. 错误回溯(traceback)¶
Rich 可以渲染漂亮的错误回溯日志，比标准的 Python 回溯更容易阅读，并能显示更多代码。
你可以将 Rich 设置为默认的回溯处理程序，这样所有异常都将由 Rich 为你呈现。
下面是在 OSX（与 Linux 类似）上的外观：