迷你地图#

屏幕截图和迷你地图。

这个例子展示了如何使用帧缓冲区创建一个‘迷你贴图’。

minimap.py#
  1"""
  2Work with a mini-map
  3
  4Artwork from https://kenney.nl
  5
  6If Python and Arcade are installed, this example can be run from the command line with:
  7python -m arcade.examples.minimap
  8"""
  9
 10import random
 11from uuid import uuid4
 12
 13import arcade
 14
 15SPRITE_SCALING = 0.5
 16
 17DEFAULT_SCREEN_WIDTH = 800
 18DEFAULT_SCREEN_HEIGHT = 600
 19SCREEN_TITLE = "Minimap Example"
 20
 21# How many pixels to keep as a minimum margin between the character
 22# and the edge of the screen.
 23VIEWPORT_MARGIN = 220
 24
 25# How fast the camera pans to the player. 1.0 is instant.
 26CAMERA_SPEED = 0.1
 27
 28# How fast the character moves
 29PLAYER_MOVEMENT_SPEED = 7
 30
 31MINIMAP_BACKGROUND_COLOR = arcade.color.ALMOND
 32MINIMAP_WIDTH = 256
 33MINIMAP_HEIGHT = 256
 34MAP_WIDTH = 2048
 35MAP_HEIGHT = 2048
 36
 37
 38class MyGame(arcade.Window):
 39    """ Main application class. """
 40
 41    def __init__(self, width, height, title):
 42        """
 43        Initializer
 44        """
 45        super().__init__(width, height, title, resizable=True)
 46
 47        # Sprite lists
 48        self.player_list = None
 49        self.wall_list = None
 50
 51        # Mini-map related
 52        # List of all our minimaps (there's just one)
 53        self.minimap_sprite_list = None
 54        # Texture and associated sprite to render our minimap to
 55        self.minimap_texture = None
 56        self.minimap_sprite = None
 57
 58        # Set up the player
 59        self.player_sprite = None
 60
 61        self.physics_engine = None
 62
 63        # Camera for sprites, and one for our GUI
 64        viewport = (0, 0, DEFAULT_SCREEN_WIDTH, DEFAULT_SCREEN_HEIGHT)
 65        self.camera_sprites = arcade.camera.Camera2D.from_raw_data(viewport=viewport)
 66        self.camera_gui = arcade.camera.Camera2D.from_raw_data(viewport=viewport)
 67
 68    def setup(self):
 69        """ Set up the game and initialize the variables. """
 70
 71        # Sprite lists
 72        self.player_list = arcade.SpriteList()
 73        self.wall_list = arcade.SpriteList()
 74
 75        # Set up the player
 76        self.player_sprite = arcade.Sprite(":resources:images/animated_characters/female_person/"
 77                                           "femalePerson_idle.png",
 78                                           scale=0.4)
 79        self.player_sprite.center_x = 256
 80        self.player_sprite.center_y = 512
 81        self.player_list.append(self.player_sprite)
 82
 83        # -- Set up several columns of walls
 84        for x in range(0, MAP_WIDTH, 210):
 85            for y in range(0, MAP_HEIGHT, 64):
 86                # Randomly skip a box so the player can find a way through
 87                if random.randrange(5) > 0:
 88                    wall = arcade.Sprite(":resources:images/tiles/grassCenter.png", scale=SPRITE_SCALING)
 89                    wall.center_x = x
 90                    wall.center_y = y
 91                    self.wall_list.append(wall)
 92
 93        self.physics_engine = arcade.PhysicsEngineSimple(self.player_sprite, self.wall_list)
 94
 95        # Set the background color
 96        self.background_color = arcade.color.AMAZON
 97
 98        # Construct the minimap
 99        size = (MINIMAP_WIDTH, MINIMAP_HEIGHT)
100        self.minimap_texture = arcade.Texture.create_empty(str(uuid4()), size)
101        self.minimap_sprite = arcade.Sprite(
102            self.minimap_texture,
103            center_x=MINIMAP_WIDTH / 2,
104            center_y=self.height - MINIMAP_HEIGHT / 2,
105        )
106
107        self.minimap_sprite_list = arcade.SpriteList()
108        self.minimap_sprite_list.append(self.minimap_sprite)
109
110    def update_minimap(self):
111        proj = 0, MAP_WIDTH, 0, MAP_HEIGHT
112        with self.minimap_sprite_list.atlas.render_into(self.minimap_texture, projection=proj) as fbo:
113            fbo.clear(color=MINIMAP_BACKGROUND_COLOR)
114            self.wall_list.draw()
115            self.player_sprite.draw()
116
117    def on_draw(self):
118        """
119        Render the screen.
120        """
121
122        # This command has to happen before we start drawing
123        self.clear()
124
125        # Select the camera we'll use to draw all our sprites
126        self.camera_sprites.use()
127
128        # Draw all the sprites.
129        self.wall_list.draw()
130        self.player_list.draw()
131
132        # Select the (unscrolled) camera for our GUI
133        self.camera_gui.use()
134
135        # Update the minimap
136        self.update_minimap()
137
138        # Draw the minimap
139        self.minimap_sprite_list.draw()
140
141        # Draw the GUI
142        arcade.draw_rectangle_filled(self.width // 2, 20, self.width, 40, arcade.color.ALMOND)
143        text = f"Scroll value: {self.camera_sprites.position[0]:4.1f}, {self.camera_sprites.position[1]:4.1f}"
144        arcade.draw_text(text, 10, 10, arcade.color.BLACK_BEAN, 20)
145
146    def on_key_press(self, key, modifiers):
147        """Called whenever a key is pressed. """
148
149        if key == arcade.key.UP:
150            self.player_sprite.change_y = PLAYER_MOVEMENT_SPEED
151        elif key == arcade.key.DOWN:
152            self.player_sprite.change_y = -PLAYER_MOVEMENT_SPEED
153        elif key == arcade.key.LEFT:
154            self.player_sprite.change_x = -PLAYER_MOVEMENT_SPEED
155        elif key == arcade.key.RIGHT:
156            self.player_sprite.change_x = PLAYER_MOVEMENT_SPEED
157
158    def on_key_release(self, key, modifiers):
159        """Called when the user releases a key. """
160
161        if key == arcade.key.UP or key == arcade.key.DOWN:
162            self.player_sprite.change_y = 0
163        elif key == arcade.key.LEFT or key == arcade.key.RIGHT:
164            self.player_sprite.change_x = 0
165
166    def on_update(self, delta_time):
167        """ Movement and game logic """
168
169        # Call update on all sprites (The sprites don't do much in this
170        # example though.)
171        self.physics_engine.update()
172
173        # Scroll the screen to the player
174        self.scroll_to_player()
175
176    def scroll_to_player(self):
177        """
178        Scroll the window to the player.
179        """
180
181        # Scroll to the proper location
182        position = (self.player_sprite.center_x, self.player_sprite.center_y)
183        self.camera_sprites.position = arcade.math.lerp_2d(self.camera_sprites.position, position, CAMERA_SPEED)
184
185    def on_resize(self, width: int, height: int):
186        """
187        Resize window
188        Handle the user grabbing the edge and resizing the window.
189        """
190        super().on_resize(width, height)
191        self.camera_sprites.match_screen(and_projection=True)
192        self.camera_gui.match_screen(and_projection=True)
193
194
195def main():
196    """ Main function """
197    window = MyGame(DEFAULT_SCREEN_WIDTH, DEFAULT_SCREEN_HEIGHT, SCREEN_TITLE)
198    window.setup()
199    arcade.run()
200
201
202if __name__ == "__main__":
203    main()