在屏幕上使用指导和游戏的视图

您可能还想退房 使用开始/结束屏幕的视图 。

view_instructions_and_game_over.py

"""
This program shows how to:
  * Have one or more instruction screens
  * Show a 'Game over' text and halt the game
  * Allow the user to restart the game

Make a separate class for each view (screen) in your game.
The class will inherit from arcade.View. The structure will
look like an arcade.Window as each view will need to have its own draw,
update and window event methods. To switch a view, simply create a view
with `view = MyView()` and then use the view.show() method.

This example shows how you can set data from one View on another View to pass data
around (see: time_taken), or you can store data on the Window object to share data between
all Views (see: total_score).

If Python and Arcade are installed, this example can be run from the command line with:
python -m arcade.examples.view_instructions_and_game_over.py
"""

import arcade
import random
import os


file_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
os.chdir(file_path)


WIDTH = 800
HEIGHT = 600
SPRITE_SCALING = 0.5


class MenuView(arcade.View):
    def on_show_view(self):
        arcade.set_background_color(arcade.color.WHITE)

    def on_draw(self):
        self.clear()
        arcade.draw_text("Menu Screen", WIDTH / 2, HEIGHT / 2,
                         arcade.color.BLACK, font_size=50, anchor_x="center")
        arcade.draw_text("Click to advance", WIDTH / 2, HEIGHT / 2 - 75,
                         arcade.color.GRAY, font_size=20, anchor_x="center")

    def on_mouse_press(self, _x, _y, _button, _modifiers):
        instructions_view = InstructionView()
        self.window.show_view(instructions_view)


class InstructionView(arcade.View):
    def on_show_view(self):
        arcade.set_background_color(arcade.color.ORANGE_PEEL)

    def on_draw(self):
        self.clear()
        arcade.draw_text("Instructions Screen", WIDTH / 2, HEIGHT / 2,
                         arcade.color.BLACK, font_size=50, anchor_x="center")
        arcade.draw_text("Click to advance", WIDTH / 2, HEIGHT / 2 - 75,
                         arcade.color.GRAY, font_size=20, anchor_x="center")

    def on_mouse_press(self, _x, _y, _button, _modifiers):
        game_view = GameView()
        self.window.show_view(game_view)


class GameView(arcade.View):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        self.time_taken = 0

        # Sprite lists
        self.player_list = arcade.SpriteList()
        self.coin_list = arcade.SpriteList()

        # Set up the player
        self.score = 0
        self.player_sprite = arcade.Sprite(":resources:images/animated_characters/female_person/femalePerson_idle.png",
                                           SPRITE_SCALING)
        self.player_sprite.center_x = 50
        self.player_sprite.center_y = 50
        self.player_list.append(self.player_sprite)

        for i in range(5):

            # Create the coin instance
            coin = arcade.Sprite(":resources:images/items/coinGold.png", SPRITE_SCALING / 3)

            # Position the coin
            coin.center_x = random.randrange(WIDTH)
            coin.center_y = random.randrange(HEIGHT)

            # Add the coin to the lists
            self.coin_list.append(coin)

    def on_show_view(self):
        arcade.set_background_color(arcade.color.AMAZON)

        # Don't show the mouse cursor
        self.window.set_mouse_visible(False)

    def on_draw(self):
        self.clear()
        # Draw all the sprites.
        self.player_list.draw()
        self.coin_list.draw()

        # Put the text on the screen.
        output = f"Score: {self.score}"
        arcade.draw_text(output, 10, 30, arcade.color.WHITE, 14)
        output_total = f"Total Score: {self.window.total_score}"
        arcade.draw_text(output_total, 10, 10, arcade.color.WHITE, 14)

    def on_update(self, delta_time):
        self.time_taken += delta_time

        # Call update on all sprites (The sprites don't do much in this
        # example though.)
        self.coin_list.update()
        self.player_list.update()

        # Generate a list of all sprites that collided with the player.
        hit_list = arcade.check_for_collision_with_list(self.player_sprite, self.coin_list)

        # Loop through each colliding sprite, remove it, and add to the
        # score.
        for coin in hit_list:
            coin.kill()
            self.score += 1
            self.window.total_score += 1

        # If we've collected all the games, then move to a "GAME_OVER"
        # state.
        if len(self.coin_list) == 0:
            game_over_view = GameOverView()
            game_over_view.time_taken = self.time_taken
            self.window.set_mouse_visible(True)
            self.window.show_view(game_over_view)

    def on_mouse_motion(self, x, y, _dx, _dy):
        """
        Called whenever the mouse moves.
        """
        self.player_sprite.center_x = x
        self.player_sprite.center_y = y


class GameOverView(arcade.View):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.time_taken = 0

    def on_show_view(self):
        arcade.set_background_color(arcade.color.BLACK)

    def on_draw(self):
        self.clear()
        """
        Draw "Game over" across the screen.
        """
        arcade.draw_text("Game Over", 240, 400, arcade.color.WHITE, 54)
        arcade.draw_text("Click to restart", 310, 300, arcade.color.WHITE, 24)

        time_taken_formatted = f"{round(self.time_taken, 2)} seconds"
        arcade.draw_text(f"Time taken: {time_taken_formatted}",
                         WIDTH / 2,
                         200,
                         arcade.color.GRAY,
                         font_size=15,
                         anchor_x="center")

        output_total = f"Total Score: {self.window.total_score}"
        arcade.draw_text(output_total, 10, 10, arcade.color.WHITE, 14)

    def on_mouse_press(self, _x, _y, _button, _modifiers):
        game_view = GameView()
        self.window.show_view(game_view)


def main():
    window = arcade.Window(WIDTH, HEIGHT, "Different Views Example")
    window.total_score = 0
    menu_view = MenuView()
    window.show_view(menu_view)
    arcade.run()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()