遥感教程简介-第2部分第5页

目录


“光谱特征”是反射(或吸收)电磁辐射随波长变化曲线图的另一个名称,它的概念产生了一种广泛使用的方法,即利用遥感器获得的多光谱数据识别和分离不同的材料或物体。S.


电磁频谱:频谱特征

对于任何给定的材料,反射、吸收或发射的太阳辐射量随波长而变化。物质的这一重要特性使人们能够识别不同的物质或类别,并通过它们的光谱特征(光谱曲线)将它们分开,如下图所示。 *

例如,在某些波长上,沙子比绿色植被反射更多的能量,但在其他波长上,它比植被吸收更多(反射更少)。原则上,我们可以识别各种表面材料,并通过这些反射比的差异来区分它们。当然,必须有一些合适的方法来测量这些差异,作为波长和强度的函数(作为辐射量的一部分)。利用反射差异,我们可以区分四种常见的表面材料(gl=草地;pw=松林;rs=红砂;sw=粉质水),如下图所示。请注意每个图中点的位置,作为仅两个波长的反射百分比(参见下图)。

|上一图所示4类光谱反射率空间中的二维图。|

当我们使用两个以上的波长时,多维空间中的图往往显示出更多的材料之间的分离。这种由于额外波长而改进的材料区分能力是多光谱遥感的基础(在下页讨论)。

` <>`__I-11Referring to the above spectral plots, which region of the spectrum (stated in wavelength interval) shows the greatest reflectance for a) grasslands; b) pinewoods; c) red sand; d) silty water. At 0.6 micrometers, are these four classes distinguishable? `ANSWER <answer.html#I-11>`__

` <>`__I-12这些图中哪种材料在0.6微米处最亮;哪种材料在1.2微米处最亮? **ANSWER**

` <>`__I-13 Using these curves, estimate the approximate values of % Reflectance for rock (sand), water, and vegetation (choose grasslands) at two wavelengths: 0.5 and 1.1 micrometers, putting their values in the table provided below. Then plot them as instructed on the lower diagram. Which class is the point at X in this diagram most likely to belong? (Note: you may find it easier to make a copy of the diagram on tracing paper.)******ANSWER**

|用于记录和绘制3个指示类别在指示的两个波长上的反射值的框架。如果需要的话,把这个数字打印出来。|

` <>`__I-14Presume that two unknown surface features in an image or photo, which actually are a forest and a field crop with the plants close-spaced, are measured for their spectral values, and both display quite similar reflectances at three chosen wavelengths. How might these be separated and perhaps even identified? (Hint: think spatially.) **ANSWER**


` <>`__* The subject of spectral curves or plots and the principles of spectroscopy in general, as well as a survey of imaging spectroscopy and hyperspectral remote sensing, are explored in greater detail in Section 13 (第13-5至13-10页)。第13节的这一部分还简要回顾了“光谱分辨率”的概念。


主要作者:Nicholas M.Short,高级电子邮件: nmshort@nationi.net