入门¶
API文档和测试中有一些使用示例。本节将演示推荐的用法。
另请参见： Gotchas/常见问题解答
使用CRS¶
有关更多用法示例和文档，请参阅 CRS .
初始化CRS¶
这个 CRS 类可以用许多不同的方式初始化。以下是初始化的一些示例。
>>> from pyproj import CRS
>>> crs = CRS.from_epsg(4326)
>>> crs = CRS.from_string("epsg:4326")
>>> crs = CRS.from_proj4("+proj=latlon")
>>> crs = CRS.from_user_input(4326)
将CRS转换为其他格式¶
警告
从其他格式转换为proj字符串时，很可能会丢失重要的投影信息。参见：https://proj4.org/faq.html描述坐标参考系的最佳格式是什么？
>>> from pyproj import CRS
>>> crs = CRS.from_epsg(4326)
>>> crs.to_epsg()
4326
>>> crs.to_authority()
('EPSG', '4326')
>>> crs = CRS.from_proj4("+proj=omerc +lat_0=-36 +lonc=147 +alpha=-54 +k=1 +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +gamma=0 +ellps=WGS84 +towgs84=0,0,0,0,0,0,0")
>>> crs
<Bound CRS: +proj=omerc +lat_0=-36 +lonc=147 +alpha=-54 +k=1 + ...>
Name: unknown
Axis Info [cartesian]:
- E[east]: Easting (metre)
- N[north]: Northing (metre)
Area of Use:
- undefined
Coordinate Operation:
- name: Transformation from unknown to WGS84
- method: Position Vector transformation (geog2D domain)
Datum: Unknown based on WGS84 ellipsoid
- Ellipsoid: WGS 84
- Prime Meridian: Greenwich
Source CRS: unknown
>>> print(crs.to_wkt(pretty=True))
BOUNDCRS[
SOURCECRS[
PROJCRS["unknown",
BASEGEOGCRS["unknown",
DATUM["Unknown based on WGS84 ellipsoid",
ELLIPSOID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,
LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],
ID["EPSG",7030]]],
...
PARAMETER["Z-axis rotation",0,
ID["EPSG",8610]],
PARAMETER["Scale difference",1,
ID["EPSG",8611]]]]
>>> from pyproj.enums import WktVersion
>>> print(crs.to_wkt(WktVersion.WKT1_GDAL, pretty=True))
PROJCS["unknown",
GEOGCS["unknown",
DATUM["Unknown_based_on_WGS84_ellipsoid",
SPHEROID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","7030"]],
TOWGS84[0,0,0,0,0,0,0]],
PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","8901"]],
UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","9122"]]],
PROJECTION["Hotine_Oblique_Mercator_Azimuth_Center"],
PARAMETER["latitude_of_center",-36],
PARAMETER["longitude_of_center",147],
PARAMETER["azimuth",-54],
PARAMETER["rectified_grid_angle",0],
PARAMETER["scale_factor",1],
PARAMETER["false_easting",0],
PARAMETER["false_northing",0],
UNIT["metre",1,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","9001"]],
AXIS["Easting",EAST],
AXIS["Northing",NORTH]]
>>> from pprint import pprint
>>> pprint(crs.to_cf())
{'azimuth_of_central_line': -54,
'crs_wkt': 'BOUNDCRS[SOURCECRS[PROJCRS["unknown",BASEGEOGCRS["unknown",DATUM["Unknown '
...
'difference",1,ID["EPSG",8611]]]]',
'fase_easting': 0,
'fase_northing': 0,
'grid_mapping_name': 'oblique_mercator',
'latitude_of_projection_origin': -36,
'longitude_of_projection_origin': 147,
'reference_ellipsoid_name': 'WGS84',
'towgs84': [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0],
'unit': 'm'}
从CRS提取属性¶
您可以从 CRS .这只是可用内容的一小部分。
>>> crs = CRS("urn:ogc:def:crs,crs:EPSG::2393,crs:EPSG::5717")
>>> crs
<Compound CRS: EPSG:3901>
Name: KKJ / Finland Uniform Coordinate System + N60 height
Axis Info [cartesian|vertical]:
- X[north]: Northing (metre)
- Y[east]: Easting (metre)
- H[up]: Gravity-related height (metre)
Area of Use:
- undefined
Datum: Kartastokoordinaattijarjestelma (1966)
- Ellipsoid: International 1924
- Prime Meridian: Greenwich
Sub CRS:
- KKJ / Finland Uniform Coordinate System
- N60 height
>>> crs.sub_crs_list
[<Projected CRS: EPSG:2393>
Name: KKJ / Finland Uniform Coordinate System
Axis Info [cartesian]:
- X[north]: Northing (metre)
- Y[east]: Easting (metre)
Area of Use:
- name: Finland - 25.5°E to 28.5°E onshore. Also all country.
- bounds: (19.24, 59.75, 31.59, 70.09)
Coordinate Operation:
- name: Finland Uniform Coordinate System
- method: Transverse Mercator
Datum: Kartastokoordinaattijarjestelma (1966)
- Ellipsoid: International 1924
- Prime Meridian: Greenwich
, <Vertical CRS: EPSG:5717>
Name: N60 height
Axis Info [vertical]:
- H[up]: Gravity-related height (metre)
Area of Use:
- name: Finland - onshore
- bounds: (19.24, 59.75, 31.59, 70.09)
Datum: Helsinki 1960
- Ellipsoid: undefined
- Prime Meridian: undefined
]
>>> crs.sub_crs_list[0].coordinate_operation
CONVERSION["Finland Uniform Coordinate System",
METHOD["Transverse Mercator",
ID["EPSG",9807]],
PARAMETER["Latitude of natural origin",0,
ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
ID["EPSG",8801]],
PARAMETER["Longitude of natural origin",27,
ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
ID["EPSG",8802]],
PARAMETER["Scale factor at natural origin",1,
SCALEUNIT["unity",1],
ID["EPSG",8805]],
PARAMETER["False easting",3500000,
LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],
ID["EPSG",8806]],
PARAMETER["False northing",0,
LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],
ID["EPSG",8807]]]
>>> cop.method_code
'9807'
>>> cop.method_name
'Transverse Mercator'
>>> cop.params
[Param(name=Latitude of natural origin, auth_name=EPSG, code=8801, value=0.0, unit_name=degree, unit_auth_name=, unit_code=, unit_category=angular),
...
Param(name=False northing, auth_name=EPSG, code=8807, value=0.0, unit_name=metre, unit_auth_name=, unit_code=, unit_category=linear)]
从CRS到CRS的转换¶
步骤1：检查CRS定义，确保使用区域和轴顺序正确。¶
有关可用于检查、使用示例和文档的更多选项，请参阅 CRS .
>>> from pyproj import CRS
>>> crs_4326 = CRS.from_epsg(4326)
>>> crs_4326
<Geographic 2D CRS: EPSG:4326>
Name: WGS 84
Axis Info [ellipsoidal]:
- Lat[north]: Geodetic latitude (degree)
- Lon[east]: Geodetic longitude (degree)
Area of Use:
- name: World
- bounds: (-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 90.0)
Datum: World Geodetic System 1984
- Ellipsoid: WGS 84
- Prime Meridian: Greenwich
>>> crs_26917 = CRS.from_epsg(26917)
>>> crs_26917
<Projected CRS: EPSG:26917>
Name: NAD83 / UTM zone 17N
Axis Info [cartesian]:
- E[east]: Easting (metre)
- N[north]: Northing (metre)
Area of Use:
- name: North America - 84°W to 78°W and NAD83 by country
- bounds: (-84.0, 23.81, -78.0, 84.0)
Coordinate Operation:
- name: UTM zone 17N
- method: Transverse Mercator
Datum: North American Datum 1983
- Ellipsoid: GRS 1980
- Prime Meridian: Greenwich
注意 crs_4326 有纬度（北）轴第一和 crs_26917 首先是东向轴。这意味着在转换过程中，我们需要输入纬度为1、经度为2的数据。另外，请注意，第二个投影是一个带有边界的UTM剖切（即-84.0、23.81、-78.0、84.0），其形式为（最小值x、最小值y、最大值x、最大值y），因此转换输入/输出应在这些边界内以获得最佳结果。
步骤2：创建从CRS到CRS的转换程序¶
这个 Transformer 可以用支持的任何内容初始化 from_user_input() .这里添加了几个示例以供演示。有关更多用法示例和文档，请参阅 Transformer .
>>> from pyproj import Transformer
>>> transformer = Transformer.from_crs(crs_4326, crs_26917)
>>> transformer = Transformer.from_crs(4326, 26917)
>>> transformer = Transformer.from_crs("EPSG:4326", "EPSG:26917")
>>> transformer
<Unknown Transformer: unknown>
unavailable until proj_trans is called
>>> transformer.transform(50, -80)
(571666.4475041276, 5539109.815175673)
如果您希望轴顺序始终为x、y或lon、lat顺序，则可以使用 always_xy 创建变压器时的选项。
>>> from pyproj import Transformer
>>> transformer = Transformer.from_crs("EPSG:4326", "EPSG:26917", always_xy=True)
>>> transformer.transform(-80, 50)
(571666.4475041276, 5539109.815175673)
在一个基准内转换地理坐标和投影坐标¶
步骤1：基于原始CRS检索大地测量CRS¶
>>> from pyproj import CRS
>>> crs = CRS.from_epsg(3857)
>>> crs
<Projected CRS: EPSG:3857>
Name: WGS 84 / Pseudo-Mercator
Axis Info [cartesian]:
- X[east]: Easting (metre)
- Y[north]: Northing (metre)
Area of Use:
- name: World - 85°S to 85°N
- bounds: (-180.0, -85.06, 180.0, 85.06)
Coordinate Operation:
- name: Popular Visualisation Pseudo-Mercator
- method: Popular Visualisation Pseudo Mercator
Datum: World Geodetic System 1984
- Ellipsoid: WGS 84
- Prime Meridian: Greenwich
>>> crs.geodetic_crs
<Geographic 2D CRS: EPSG:4326>
Name: WGS 84
Axis Info [ellipsoidal]:
- Lat[north]: Geodetic latitude (degree)
- Lon[east]: Geodetic longitude (degree)
Area of Use:
- name: World
- bounds: (-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 90.0)
Datum: World Geodetic System 1984
- Ellipsoid: WGS 84
- Prime Meridian: Greenwich
第2步：创建从大地测量CRS转换为CRS的变压器¶
>>> proj = Transformer.from_crs(crs.geodetic_crs, crs)
>>> proj
<Conversion Transformer: pipeline>
Popular Visualisation Pseudo-Mercator
>>> proj.transform(12, 15)
(1669792.3618991035, 1345708.4084091093)
4d随时间的变换¶
注解
如果使用基于时间的CRS进行转换，建议在转换操作中包括时间。
>>> transformer = Transformer.from_crs(7789, 8401)
>>> transformer
<Transformation Transformer: helmert>
ITRF2014 to ETRF2014 (1)
>>> transformer.transform(xx=3496737.2679, yy=743254.4507, zz=5264462.9620, tt=2019.0)
(3496737.757717311, 743253.9940103051, 5264462.701132784, 2019.0)
测地计算¶
如果你需要计算地球表面两点之间的距离，这是很有用的。
有关用法和文档的更多示例，请参阅 Geod .
此示例演示如何创建 Geod 使用椭球体名称以及使用 CRS .
>>> from pyproj import CRS, Geod
>>> from pyproj import CRS, Geod
>>> geod_clrk = Geod(ellps='clrk66') # Use Clarke 1866 ellipsoid.
>>> geod_clrk
Geod(ellps='clrk66')
>>> geod_wgs84 = CRS("epsg:4326").get_geod()
>>> geod_wgs84
Geod('+a=6378137 +f=0.0033528106647475126')
>>> portland_lat = 45.+(31./60.); portland_lon = -123.-(41./60.)
>>> boston_lat = 42.+(15./60.); boston_lon = -71.-(7./60.)
>>> az12, az21, dist = geod_clrk.inv(boston_lon, boston_lat, portland_lon, portland_lat)
>>> az12, az21, dist
(-66.5305947876623, 75.65363415556968, 4164192.7080994667)
>>> az12_wgs, az21_wgs, dist_wgs = geod_wgs84.inv(boston_lon, boston_lat, portland_lon, portland_lat)
>>> az12_wgs, az21_wgs, dist_wgs
(-66.53043696156747, 75.65384304856798, 4164074.2392955828)