带有自定义填充颜色的方框图

此图说明如何创建两种类型的方框图（矩形和凹口），以及如何通过访问方框图的艺术家的属性来填充自定义颜色。另外， labels 参数用于为每个样本提供X记号标签。

关于箱线图及其历史的一个很好的一般参考资料可以在这里找到：http://vita.had.co.nz/papers/boxplots.pdf

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

# Random test data
np.random.seed(19680801)
all_data = [np.random.normal(0, std, size=100) for std in range(1, 4)]
labels = ['x1', 'x2', 'x3']

fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(nrows=1, ncols=2, figsize=(9, 4))

# rectangular box plot
bplot1 = ax1.boxplot(all_data,
                     vert=True,  # vertical box alignment
                     patch_artist=True,  # fill with color
                     labels=labels)  # will be used to label x-ticks
ax1.set_title('Rectangular box plot')

# notch shape box plot
bplot2 = ax2.boxplot(all_data,
                     notch=True,  # notch shape
                     vert=True,  # vertical box alignment
                     patch_artist=True,  # fill with color
                     labels=labels)  # will be used to label x-ticks
ax2.set_title('Notched box plot')

# fill with colors
colors = ['pink', 'lightblue', 'lightgreen']
for bplot in (bplot1, bplot2):
    for patch, color in zip(bplot['boxes'], colors):
        patch.set_facecolor(color)

# adding horizontal grid lines
for ax in [ax1, ax2]:
    ax.yaxis.grid(True)
    ax.set_xlabel('Three separate samples')
    ax.set_ylabel('Observed values')

plt.show()