添加参考域¶
本教程的目标是说明角色、指令和领域。完成后,我们将能够使用此扩展来描述手册并从文档中的其他地方引用该手册。
备注
本教程基于最早发布于 opensource.com 并且是在获得原作者许可的情况下提供的。
概述¶
我们希望扩展将以下内容添加到Sphinx:
A
recipe
directive ,包含一些描述手册步骤的内容,以及:contains:
选项突出显示手册的主要成分。A
ref
role ,它提供了手册本身的交叉引用。A
recipe
domain ,这使我们能够将上述角色和领域以及索引等内容联系在一起。
为此,我们需要将以下元素添加到Sphinx:
一项新指令称为
recipe
新索引使我们能够参考成分和手册
一个名为
recipe
,其中将包含recipe
指令和ref
作用
先决条件¶
我们需要与中相同的设置 the previous extensions .这次,我们将在一个名为 recipe.py
.
以下是您可能获得的文件夹结构的示例:
└── source
├── _ext
│ └── recipe.py
├── conf.py
└── index.rst
编写扩展¶
开放 recipe.py
并将以下代码粘贴在其中,所有这些我们将很快详细解释:
1from collections import defaultdict
2
3from docutils.parsers.rst import directives
4
5from sphinx import addnodes
6from sphinx.application import Sphinx
7from sphinx.directives import ObjectDescription
8from sphinx.domains import Domain, Index
9from sphinx.roles import XRefRole
10from sphinx.util.nodes import make_refnode
11from sphinx.util.typing import ExtensionMetadata
12
13
14class RecipeDirective(ObjectDescription):
15 """A custom directive that describes a recipe."""
16
17 has_content = True
18 required_arguments = 1
19 option_spec = {
20 'contains': directives.unchanged_required,
21 }
22
23 def handle_signature(self, sig, signode):
24 signode += addnodes.desc_name(text=sig)
25 return sig
26
27 def add_target_and_index(self, name_cls, sig, signode):
28 signode['ids'].append('recipe' + '-' + sig)
29 if 'contains' in self.options:
30 ingredients = [x.strip() for x in self.options.get('contains').split(',')]
31
32 recipes = self.env.get_domain('recipe')
33 recipes.add_recipe(sig, ingredients)
34
35
36class IngredientIndex(Index):
37 """A custom index that creates an ingredient matrix."""
38
39 name = 'ingredient'
40 localname = 'Ingredient Index'
41 shortname = 'Ingredient'
42
43 def generate(self, docnames=None):
44 content = defaultdict(list)
45
46 recipes = {
47 name: (dispname, typ, docname, anchor)
48 for name, dispname, typ, docname, anchor, _ in self.domain.get_objects()
49 }
50 recipe_ingredients = self.domain.data['recipe_ingredients']
51 ingredient_recipes = defaultdict(list)
52
53 # flip from recipe_ingredients to ingredient_recipes
54 for recipe_name, ingredients in recipe_ingredients.items():
55 for ingredient in ingredients:
56 ingredient_recipes[ingredient].append(recipe_name)
57
58 # convert the mapping of ingredient to recipes to produce the expected
59 # output, shown below, using the ingredient name as a key to group
60 #
61 # name, subtype, docname, anchor, extra, qualifier, description
62 for ingredient, recipe_names in ingredient_recipes.items():
63 for recipe_name in recipe_names:
64 dispname, typ, docname, anchor = recipes[recipe_name]
65 content[ingredient].append((
66 dispname,
67 0,
68 docname,
69 anchor,
70 docname,
71 '',
72 typ,
73 ))
74
75 # convert the dict to the sorted list of tuples expected
76 content = sorted(content.items())
77
78 return content, True
79
80
81class RecipeIndex(Index):
82 """A custom index that creates an recipe matrix."""
83
84 name = 'recipe'
85 localname = 'Recipe Index'
86 shortname = 'Recipe'
87
88 def generate(self, docnames=None):
89 content = defaultdict(list)
90
91 # sort the list of recipes in alphabetical order
92 recipes = self.domain.get_objects()
93 recipes = sorted(recipes, key=lambda recipe: recipe[0])
94
95 # generate the expected output, shown below, from the above using the
96 # first letter of the recipe as a key to group thing
97 #
98 # name, subtype, docname, anchor, extra, qualifier, description
99 for _name, dispname, typ, docname, anchor, _priority in recipes:
100 content[dispname[0].lower()].append((
101 dispname,
102 0,
103 docname,
104 anchor,
105 docname,
106 '',
107 typ,
108 ))
109
110 # convert the dict to the sorted list of tuples expected
111 content = sorted(content.items())
112
113 return content, True
114
115
116class RecipeDomain(Domain):
117 name = 'recipe'
118 label = 'Recipe Sample'
119 roles = {
120 'ref': XRefRole(),
121 }
122 directives = {
123 'recipe': RecipeDirective,
124 }
125 indices = {
126 RecipeIndex,
127 IngredientIndex,
128 }
129 initial_data = {
130 'recipes': [], # object list
131 'recipe_ingredients': {}, # name -> object
132 }
133 data_version = 0
134
135 def get_full_qualified_name(self, node):
136 return f'recipe.{node.arguments[0]}'
137
138 def get_objects(self):
139 yield from self.data['recipes']
140
141 def resolve_xref(self, env, fromdocname, builder, typ, target, node, contnode):
142 match = [
143 (docname, anchor)
144 for name, sig, typ, docname, anchor, prio in self.get_objects()
145 if sig == target
146 ]
147
148 if len(match) > 0:
149 todocname = match[0][0]
150 targ = match[0][1]
151
152 return make_refnode(builder, fromdocname, todocname, targ, contnode, targ)
153 else:
154 print('Awww, found nothing')
155 return None
156
157 def add_recipe(self, signature, ingredients):
158 """Add a new recipe to the domain."""
159 name = f'recipe.{signature}'
160 anchor = f'recipe-{signature}'
161
162 self.data['recipe_ingredients'][name] = ingredients
163 # name, dispname, type, docname, anchor, priority
164 self.data['recipes'].append((
165 name,
166 signature,
167 'Recipe',
168 self.env.docname,
169 anchor,
170 0,
171 ))
172
173
174def setup(app: Sphinx) -> ExtensionMetadata:
175 app.add_domain(RecipeDomain)
176
177 return {
178 'version': '0.1',
179 'parallel_read_safe': True,
180 'parallel_write_safe': True,
181 }
让我们一步一步地看看这个扩展的每个部分,以解释正在发生的事情。
指令类
首先要检查的是 RecipeDirective
指令:
1class RecipeDirective(ObjectDescription):
2 """A custom directive that describes a recipe."""
3
4 has_content = True
5 required_arguments = 1
6 option_spec = {
7 'contains': directives.unchanged_required,
8 }
9
10 def handle_signature(self, sig, signode):
11 signode += addnodes.desc_name(text=sig)
12 return sig
13
14 def add_target_and_index(self, name_cls, sig, signode):
15 signode['ids'].append('recipe' + '-' + sig)
16 if 'contains' in self.options:
17 ingredients = [x.strip() for x in self.options.get('contains').split(',')]
18
19 recipes = self.env.get_domain('recipe')
20 recipes.add_recipe(sig, ingredients)
不像 使用角色和指令扩展语法 和 扩展构建过程 ,此指令并非源自 docutils.parsers.rst.Directive
并且没有定义 run
法相反,它源于 sphinx.directives.ObjectDescription
并且限定 handle_signature
和 add_target_and_index
方法.这是因为 ObjectDescription
是一个特殊用途指令,旨在描述类、函数或(在我们的例子中)手册等内容。更具体地说, handle_signature
实现解析指令的签名并将对象的名称和类型传递到其超类,同时 add_target_and_index
为此节点添加目标(要链接到)和索引项。
我们还看到该指令定义了 has_content
, required_arguments
和 option_spec
.不像 TodoDirective
添加的指令 previous tutorial ,此指令接受一个参数、配方名称和一个选项, contains
,除了正文中嵌套的reStructuredtext之外。
索引类
待处理
添加指数的简要概述
1class IngredientIndex(Index):
2 """A custom index that creates an ingredient matrix."""
3
4 name = 'ingredient'
5 localname = 'Ingredient Index'
6 shortname = 'Ingredient'
7
8 def generate(self, docnames=None):
9 content = defaultdict(list)
10
11 recipes = {
12 name: (dispname, typ, docname, anchor)
13 for name, dispname, typ, docname, anchor, _ in self.domain.get_objects()
14 }
15 recipe_ingredients = self.domain.data['recipe_ingredients']
16 ingredient_recipes = defaultdict(list)
17
18 # flip from recipe_ingredients to ingredient_recipes
19 for recipe_name, ingredients in recipe_ingredients.items():
20 for ingredient in ingredients:
21 ingredient_recipes[ingredient].append(recipe_name)
22
23 # convert the mapping of ingredient to recipes to produce the expected
24 # output, shown below, using the ingredient name as a key to group
25 #
26 # name, subtype, docname, anchor, extra, qualifier, description
27 for ingredient, recipe_names in ingredient_recipes.items():
28 for recipe_name in recipe_names:
29 dispname, typ, docname, anchor = recipes[recipe_name]
30 content[ingredient].append((
31 dispname,
32 0,
33 docname,
34 anchor,
35 docname,
36 '',
37 typ,
38 ))
39
40 # convert the dict to the sorted list of tuples expected
41 content = sorted(content.items())
42
43 return content, True
1class RecipeIndex(Index):
2 """A custom index that creates an recipe matrix."""
3
4 name = 'recipe'
5 localname = 'Recipe Index'
6 shortname = 'Recipe'
7
8 def generate(self, docnames=None):
9 content = defaultdict(list)
10
11 # sort the list of recipes in alphabetical order
12 recipes = self.domain.get_objects()
13 recipes = sorted(recipes, key=lambda recipe: recipe[0])
14
15 # generate the expected output, shown below, from the above using the
16 # first letter of the recipe as a key to group thing
17 #
18 # name, subtype, docname, anchor, extra, qualifier, description
19 for _name, dispname, typ, docname, anchor, _priority in recipes:
20 content[dispname[0].lower()].append((
21 dispname,
22 0,
23 docname,
24 anchor,
25 docname,
26 '',
27 typ,
28 ))
29
30 # convert the dict to the sorted list of tuples expected
31 content = sorted(content.items())
32
33 return content, True
两 IngredientIndex
和 RecipeIndex
衍生自 Index
.它们实现自定义逻辑来生成定义索引的值的多元组。注意 RecipeIndex
是一个只有一个条目的简单索引。扩展它以覆盖更多对象类型还不是代码的一部分。
两个指数都使用该方法 Index.generate()
去做他们的工作。该方法组合来自域的信息,对其进行排序,并以列表结构返回,该结构将被Sphinx接受。这可能看起来很复杂,但实际上只是一个像这样的二元组列表 ('tomato', 'TomatoSoup', 'test', 'rec-TomatoSoup',...)
.参阅 domain API guide 有关此API的更多信息。
这些索引页面可以使用 ref
通过结合域名和索引来发挥作用 name
值例如, RecipeIndex
可以参考 :ref:`recipe-recipe
和 ``IngredientIndex` 可以参考 :ref:`recipe-ingredient
`.
域
Sphinx域是一个专用容器,将角色、指令和索引等联系在一起。让我们看看我们在这里创建的域。
1class RecipeDomain(Domain):
2 name = 'recipe'
3 label = 'Recipe Sample'
4 roles = {
5 'ref': XRefRole(),
6 }
7 directives = {
8 'recipe': RecipeDirective,
9 }
10 indices = {
11 RecipeIndex,
12 IngredientIndex,
13 }
14 initial_data = {
15 'recipes': [], # object list
16 'recipe_ingredients': {}, # name -> object
17 }
18 data_version = 0
19
20 def get_full_qualified_name(self, node):
21 return f'recipe.{node.arguments[0]}'
22
23 def get_objects(self):
24 yield from self.data['recipes']
25
26 def resolve_xref(self, env, fromdocname, builder, typ, target, node, contnode):
27 match = [
28 (docname, anchor)
29 for name, sig, typ, docname, anchor, prio in self.get_objects()
30 if sig == target
31 ]
32
33 if len(match) > 0:
34 todocname = match[0][0]
35 targ = match[0][1]
36
37 return make_refnode(builder, fromdocname, todocname, targ, contnode, targ)
38 else:
39 print('Awww, found nothing')
40 return None
41
42 def add_recipe(self, signature, ingredients):
43 """Add a new recipe to the domain."""
44 name = f'recipe.{signature}'
45 anchor = f'recipe-{signature}'
46
47 self.data['recipe_ingredients'][name] = ingredients
48 # name, dispname, type, docname, anchor, priority
49 self.data['recipes'].append((
50 name,
51 signature,
52 'Recipe',
53 self.env.docname,
54 anchor,
55 0,
56 ))
对此有一些有趣的事情需要注意 recipe
域和一般域。首先,我们实际上通过 directives
, roles
和 indices
属性,而不是通过稍后的呼叫 setup
.我们还可以注意到,我们实际上并没有定义自定义角色,而是重新使用 sphinx.roles.XRefRole
角色和定义 sphinx.domains.Domain.resolve_xref
法该方法需要两个参数, typ
和 target
,引用交叉引用类型及其目标名称。我们将使用 target
从我们的域中解析我们的目的地 recipes
因为我们目前只有一种类型的节点。
继续前进,我们可以看到我们已经定义了 initial_data
.中所定义的值 initial_data
将被复制到 env.domaindata[domain_name]
作为域的初始数据,域实例可以通过 self.data
.我们看到我们在中定义了两项 initial_data
: recipes
和 recipe_ingredients
.每个都包含定义的所有对象(即所有手册)的列表以及将规范成分名称映射到对象列表的哈希。命名对象的方式在我们的扩展中很常见,并且在 get_full_qualified_name
法对于创建的每个对象,规范名称为 recipe.<recipename>
,在哪里 <recipename>
是文档作者给对象的名称(配方)。这使扩展能够使用共享相同名称的不同对象类型。为我们的对象拥有规范的名称和中心位置是一个巨大的优势。我们的索引和交叉引用代码都使用此功能。
的 setup
功能
As always , setup
函数是一个必需项,用于将扩展的各个部分挂钩到Sphinx中。我们看一个 setup
此扩展的功能。
1def setup(app: Sphinx) -> ExtensionMetadata:
2 app.add_domain(RecipeDomain)
3
4 return {
5 'version': '0.1',
6 'parallel_read_safe': True,
7 'parallel_write_safe': True,
8 }
这看起来与我们习惯看到的有点不同。没有电话 add_directive()
或甚至 add_role()
.相反,我们只有一个电话, add_domain()
然后对 standard domain .这是因为我们已经将指令、角色和索引注册为指令本身的一部分。
使用扩展¶
现在,您可以在整个项目中使用该扩展包。例如:
Joe's Recipes
=============
Below are a collection of my favourite recipes. I highly recommend the
:recipe:ref:`TomatoSoup` recipe in particular!
.. toctree::
tomato-soup
The recipe contains `tomato` and `cilantro`.
.. recipe:recipe:: TomatoSoup
:contains: tomato, cilantro, salt, pepper
This recipe is a tasty tomato soup, combine all ingredients
and cook.
需要注意的重要事情是使用 :recipe:ref:
交叉引用其他地方实际定义的手册的角色(使用 :recipe:recipe:
指令)。
进一步阅读¶
有关更多信息,请参阅 docutils 文件和 SphinxAPI .
如果您希望跨多个项目或与其他人共享您的扩展,请查看 第三方扩展 科.