GLCM纹理特征

此示例说明了使用灰度共生矩阵(GLCM)进行纹理分类 1. GLCM是图像上在给定偏移量处共同出现的灰度值的直方图。

在此示例中，从图像中提取了两种不同纹理的样本：草地区域和天空区域。对于每个面片，水平偏移为5的GLCM (distance=[5] 和 angles=[0] )是经过计算的。接下来，计算GLCM矩阵的两个特征：相异度和相关性。绘制这些图是为了说明类在特征空间中形成簇。在典型的分类问题中，最后一步(未包括在本例中)将是训练分类器，例如Logistic回归，以标记来自新图像的图像块。

参考文献

1

图像分类的纹理特征>，《IEEE系统、人和控制论会刊》6(1973)：610-621。 DOI:10.1109/TSMC.1973.4309314

输出：

/vpy/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scikit_image-0.20.0.dev0-py3.9-linux-x86_64.egg/skimage/feature/__init__.py:34: skimage_deprecation:

Function ``greycomatrix`` is deprecated and will be removed in version 1.0. Use ``skimage.feature.graycomatrix`` instead.

/vpy/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scikit_image-0.20.0.dev0-py3.9-linux-x86_64.egg/skimage/feature/__init__.py:41: skimage_deprecation:

Function ``greycoprops`` is deprecated and will be removed in version 1.0. Use ``skimage.feature.graycoprops`` instead.

/vpy/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scikit_image-0.20.0.dev0-py3.9-linux-x86_64.egg/skimage/feature/__init__.py:41: skimage_deprecation:

Function ``greycoprops`` is deprecated and will be removed in version 1.0. Use ``skimage.feature.graycoprops`` instead.

/vpy/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scikit_image-0.20.0.dev0-py3.9-linux-x86_64.egg/skimage/feature/__init__.py:34: skimage_deprecation:

Function ``greycomatrix`` is deprecated and will be removed in version 1.0. Use ``skimage.feature.graycomatrix`` instead.

/vpy/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scikit_image-0.20.0.dev0-py3.9-linux-x86_64.egg/skimage/feature/__init__.py:41: skimage_deprecation:

Function ``greycoprops`` is deprecated and will be removed in version 1.0. Use ``skimage.feature.graycoprops`` instead.

/vpy/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scikit_image-0.20.0.dev0-py3.9-linux-x86_64.egg/skimage/feature/__init__.py:41: skimage_deprecation:

Function ``greycoprops`` is deprecated and will be removed in version 1.0. Use ``skimage.feature.graycoprops`` instead.

/vpy/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scikit_image-0.20.0.dev0-py3.9-linux-x86_64.egg/skimage/feature/__init__.py:34: skimage_deprecation:

Function ``greycomatrix`` is deprecated and will be removed in version 1.0. Use ``skimage.feature.graycomatrix`` instead.

/vpy/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scikit_image-0.20.0.dev0-py3.9-linux-x86_64.egg/skimage/feature/__init__.py:41: skimage_deprecation:

Function ``greycoprops`` is deprecated and will be removed in version 1.0. Use ``skimage.feature.graycoprops`` instead.

/vpy/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scikit_image-0.20.0.dev0-py3.9-linux-x86_64.egg/skimage/feature/__init__.py:41: skimage_deprecation:

Function ``greycoprops`` is deprecated and will be removed in version 1.0. Use ``skimage.feature.graycoprops`` instead.

/vpy/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scikit_image-0.20.0.dev0-py3.9-linux-x86_64.egg/skimage/feature/__init__.py:34: skimage_deprecation:

Function ``greycomatrix`` is deprecated and will be removed in version 1.0. Use ``skimage.feature.graycomatrix`` instead.

/vpy/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scikit_image-0.20.0.dev0-py3.9-linux-x86_64.egg/skimage/feature/__init__.py:41: skimage_deprecation:

Function ``greycoprops`` is deprecated and will be removed in version 1.0. Use ``skimage.feature.graycoprops`` instead.

/vpy/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scikit_image-0.20.0.dev0-py3.9-linux-x86_64.egg/skimage/feature/__init__.py:41: skimage_deprecation:

Function ``greycoprops`` is deprecated and will be removed in version 1.0. Use ``skimage.feature.graycoprops`` instead.

/vpy/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scikit_image-0.20.0.dev0-py3.9-linux-x86_64.egg/skimage/feature/__init__.py:34: skimage_deprecation:

Function ``greycomatrix`` is deprecated and will be removed in version 1.0. Use ``skimage.feature.graycomatrix`` instead.

/vpy/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scikit_image-0.20.0.dev0-py3.9-linux-x86_64.egg/skimage/feature/__init__.py:41: skimage_deprecation:

Function ``greycoprops`` is deprecated and will be removed in version 1.0. Use ``skimage.feature.graycoprops`` instead.

/vpy/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scikit_image-0.20.0.dev0-py3.9-linux-x86_64.egg/skimage/feature/__init__.py:41: skimage_deprecation:

Function ``greycoprops`` is deprecated and will be removed in version 1.0. Use ``skimage.feature.graycoprops`` instead.

/vpy/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scikit_image-0.20.0.dev0-py3.9-linux-x86_64.egg/skimage/feature/__init__.py:34: skimage_deprecation:

Function ``greycomatrix`` is deprecated and will be removed in version 1.0. Use ``skimage.feature.graycomatrix`` instead.

/vpy/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scikit_image-0.20.0.dev0-py3.9-linux-x86_64.egg/skimage/feature/__init__.py:41: skimage_deprecation:

Function ``greycoprops`` is deprecated and will be removed in version 1.0. Use ``skimage.feature.graycoprops`` instead.

/vpy/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scikit_image-0.20.0.dev0-py3.9-linux-x86_64.egg/skimage/feature/__init__.py:41: skimage_deprecation:

Function ``greycoprops`` is deprecated and will be removed in version 1.0. Use ``skimage.feature.graycoprops`` instead.

/vpy/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scikit_image-0.20.0.dev0-py3.9-linux-x86_64.egg/skimage/feature/__init__.py:34: skimage_deprecation:

Function ``greycomatrix`` is deprecated and will be removed in version 1.0. Use ``skimage.feature.graycomatrix`` instead.

/vpy/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scikit_image-0.20.0.dev0-py3.9-linux-x86_64.egg/skimage/feature/__init__.py:41: skimage_deprecation:

Function ``greycoprops`` is deprecated and will be removed in version 1.0. Use ``skimage.feature.graycoprops`` instead.

/vpy/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scikit_image-0.20.0.dev0-py3.9-linux-x86_64.egg/skimage/feature/__init__.py:41: skimage_deprecation:

Function ``greycoprops`` is deprecated and will be removed in version 1.0. Use ``skimage.feature.graycoprops`` instead.

/vpy/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scikit_image-0.20.0.dev0-py3.9-linux-x86_64.egg/skimage/feature/__init__.py:34: skimage_deprecation:

Function ``greycomatrix`` is deprecated and will be removed in version 1.0. Use ``skimage.feature.graycomatrix`` instead.

/vpy/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scikit_image-0.20.0.dev0-py3.9-linux-x86_64.egg/skimage/feature/__init__.py:41: skimage_deprecation:

Function ``greycoprops`` is deprecated and will be removed in version 1.0. Use ``skimage.feature.graycoprops`` instead.

/vpy/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scikit_image-0.20.0.dev0-py3.9-linux-x86_64.egg/skimage/feature/__init__.py:41: skimage_deprecation:

Function ``greycoprops`` is deprecated and will be removed in version 1.0. Use ``skimage.feature.graycoprops`` instead.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from skimage.feature import greycomatrix, greycoprops
from skimage import data


PATCH_SIZE = 21

# open the camera image
image = data.camera()

# select some patches from grassy areas of the image
grass_locations = [(280, 454), (342, 223), (444, 192), (455, 455)]
grass_patches = []
for loc in grass_locations:
    grass_patches.append(image[loc[0]:loc[0] + PATCH_SIZE,
                               loc[1]:loc[1] + PATCH_SIZE])

# select some patches from sky areas of the image
sky_locations = [(38, 34), (139, 28), (37, 437), (145, 379)]
sky_patches = []
for loc in sky_locations:
    sky_patches.append(image[loc[0]:loc[0] + PATCH_SIZE,
                             loc[1]:loc[1] + PATCH_SIZE])

# compute some GLCM properties each patch
xs = []
ys = []
for patch in (grass_patches + sky_patches):
    glcm = greycomatrix(patch, distances=[5], angles=[0], levels=256,
                        symmetric=True, normed=True)
    xs.append(greycoprops(glcm, 'dissimilarity')[0, 0])
    ys.append(greycoprops(glcm, 'correlation')[0, 0])

# create the figure
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 8))

# display original image with locations of patches
ax = fig.add_subplot(3, 2, 1)
ax.imshow(image, cmap=plt.cm.gray,
          vmin=0, vmax=255)
for (y, x) in grass_locations:
    ax.plot(x + PATCH_SIZE / 2, y + PATCH_SIZE / 2, 'gs')
for (y, x) in sky_locations:
    ax.plot(x + PATCH_SIZE / 2, y + PATCH_SIZE / 2, 'bs')
ax.set_xlabel('Original Image')
ax.set_xticks([])
ax.set_yticks([])
ax.axis('image')

# for each patch, plot (dissimilarity, correlation)
ax = fig.add_subplot(3, 2, 2)
ax.plot(xs[:len(grass_patches)], ys[:len(grass_patches)], 'go',
        label='Grass')
ax.plot(xs[len(grass_patches):], ys[len(grass_patches):], 'bo',
        label='Sky')
ax.set_xlabel('GLCM Dissimilarity')
ax.set_ylabel('GLCM Correlation')
ax.legend()

# display the image patches
for i, patch in enumerate(grass_patches):
    ax = fig.add_subplot(3, len(grass_patches), len(grass_patches)*1 + i + 1)
    ax.imshow(patch, cmap=plt.cm.gray,
              vmin=0, vmax=255)
    ax.set_xlabel('Grass %d' % (i + 1))

for i, patch in enumerate(sky_patches):
    ax = fig.add_subplot(3, len(sky_patches), len(sky_patches)*2 + i + 1)
    ax.imshow(patch, cmap=plt.cm.gray,
              vmin=0, vmax=255)
    ax.set_xlabel('Sky %d' % (i + 1))


# display the patches and plot
fig.suptitle('Grey level co-occurrence matrix features', fontsize=14, y=1.05)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()