1：模板布局准备

准备一套Twitter引导主题的jinja2模板。

背景

在这个遍历教程中，我们将有许多视图和模板，每个视图和模板都有一些样式和布局。让我们高效地工作，并通过我们的基本布局获得一些视图和jinja2模板，从而产生良好的视觉吸引力。

目标

  • 使用视图和模板基于 pyramid_jinja2 .

  • 有一个“布局”主模板和一些包含的子模板。

步骤

  1. Let's start with an empty hierarchy of directories. Starting in a tutorial workspace (e.g., quick_traversal ）：

    $ mkdir -p layout/tutorial/templates
$ cd layout

  2. 做一个 layout/setup.py ：

     1from setuptools import setup
 2
 3requires = [
 4    'pyramid',
 5    'pyramid_jinja2',
 6    'pyramid_debugtoolbar'
 7]
 8
 9setup(name='tutorial',
10      install_requires=requires,
11      entry_points="""\
12      [paste.app_factory]
13      main = tutorial:main
14      """,
15)

  3. 现在可以在开发模式下安装项目：

    $ $VENV/bin/python setup.py develop

  4. We need a configuration file at layout/development.ini ：

     1[app:main]
 2use = egg:tutorial
 3pyramid.reload_templates = true
 4pyramid.includes =
 5    pyramid_debugtoolbar
 6
 7[server:main]
 8use = egg:pyramid#wsgiref
 9host = 0.0.0.0
10port = 6543
11
12# Begin logging configuration
13
14[loggers]
15keys = root, tutorial
16
17[logger_tutorial]
18level = DEBUG
19handlers =
20qualname = tutorial
21
22[handlers]
23keys = console
24
25[formatters]
26keys = generic
27
28[logger_root]
29level = INFO
30handlers = console
31
32[handler_console]
33class = StreamHandler
34args = (sys.stderr,)
35level = NOTSET
36formatter = generic
37
38[formatter_generic]
39format = %(asctime)s %(levelname)-5.5s [%(name)s][%(threadName)s] %(message)s
40
41# End logging configuration

  5. 在 layout/tutorial/__init__.py 上电 pyramid_jinja2

    1from pyramid.config import Configurator
2
3
4def main(global_config, **settings):
5    config = Configurator(settings=settings)
6    config.include('pyramid_jinja2')
7    config.scan('.views')
8    return config.make_wsgi_app()

  6. 我们的观点 layout/tutorial/views.py just has a single view that will answer an incoming request for /hello ：

     1from pyramid.view import view_config
 2
 3
 4class TutorialViews(object):
 5    def __init__(self, request):
 6        self.request = request
 7
 8    @view_config(name='hello', renderer='templates/site.jinja2')
 9    def site(self):
10        page_title = 'Quick Tutorial: Site View'
11        return dict(page_title=page_title)

  7. layout/tutorial/templates/site.jinja2 ：

    1{% extends "templates/layout.jinja2" %}
2{% block content %}
3
4<p>Welcome to the site.</p>
5
6{% endblock content %}

  8. That template asks to use a master "layout" template at layout/tutorial/templates/layout.jinja2 ：

     1<!DOCTYPE html>
 2<html lang="en">
 3<head>
 4    <title>{{ page_title }}</title>
 5    <link rel="stylesheet"
 6          href="http://netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.0.0/css/bootstrap.min.css">
 7</head>
 8<body>
 9
10<div class="navbar navbar-inverse">
11    <div class="container">
12        {% include "templates/header.jinja2" %}
13    </div>
14</div>
15
16<div class="container">
17
18    <div>
19        {% include "templates/breadcrumbs.jinja2" %}
20    </div>
21
22    <h1>{{ page_title }}</h1>
23    {% block content %}
24    {% endblock content %}
25
26</div>
27
28</body>
29</html>

  9. layout/tutorial/templates/header.jinja2 ：

    1<a class="navbar-brand" 
2   href="{{ request.resource_url(request.root) }}">Tutorial</a>

  10. layout/tutorial/templates/breadcrumbs.jinja2 ：

    1<span>
2  <a href="#">Home</a> >> 
3</span>

  11. layout/tutorial/tests.py ：

     1import unittest
 2
 3from pyramid.testing import DummyRequest
 4
 5
 6class TutorialViewsUnitTests(unittest.TestCase):
 7    def _makeOne(self, request):
 8        from .views import TutorialViews
 9        inst = TutorialViews(request)
10        return inst
11
12    def test_site_view(self):
13        request = DummyRequest()
14        inst = self._makeOne(request)
15        result = inst.site()
16        self.assertIn('Site View', result['page_title'])
17
18
19class TutorialFunctionalTests(unittest.TestCase):
20    def setUp(self):
21        from tutorial import main
22        app = main({})
23        from webtest import TestApp
24        self.testapp = TestApp(app)
25
26    def test_it(self):
27        result = self.testapp.get('/hello', status=200)
28        self.assertIn(b'Site View', result.body)

  12. 现在运行测试：

    1$ $VENV/bin/nosetests tutorial
2.
3----------------------------------------------------------------------
4Ran 2 tests in 0.141s
5
6OK

  13. 运行 Pyramid 应用程序时使用：

    $ $VENV/bin/pserve development.ini --reload

  14. 正常开放 http://localhost:6543/hello in your browser.

分析

这个 @view_config uses a new attribute: name='hello' hello

视图的渲染器使用jinja2的机制指向主布局并从视图模板填充某些区域。布局提供了一个基本的HTML布局，并指向内容交付网络上的Twitter引导CSS进行样式设置。