摘要: 1000个GIS应用和使用——GIS如何改变世界¶ 通过这1000种GIS应用程序和用途来增强您的数据¶ 努力为你或你的学生找到GIS项目？阅读列表。 当有人问到GIS的真正作用时会瘫痪吗？ 阅读这份清单。 希望使您的业务和服务多样化？阅读列表。 ...
1000个GIS应用和使用——GIS如何改变世界¶
通过这1000种GIS应用程序和用途来增强您的数据¶
努力为你或你的学生找到GIS项目？阅读列表。
当有人问到GIS的真正作用时会瘫痪吗？ 阅读这份清单。
希望使您的业务和服务多样化？阅读列表。
一年来，这些是您最喜欢的一些GIS应用程序，您还没有听说过：
GIS学生项目理念、GIS案例研究、GIS项目、GIS用途——来自50多个行业，这本由1000个GIS应用程序组成的拥挤指南将为您敞开心扉，让您了解我们神奇的星球及其互联互通。
1农业GIS应用¶
1. Precision Farming – Harvesting more bushels per acre while spending less on fertilizer using precision farming and software. (How to win the farm using GIS)
2. Disease Control – Combating the spread of pests through by
identifying critical intervention areas and efficient targeting
control interventions.
3. Swiss Alps Farming – Cultivating south-facing slopes in the
Swiss Alps using aspect data because it shelters from cold and dry
winds which is critical to successful crop growth.
4. 3D Scanners for Biomass – Measuring with laser accuracy 3D
biomass using the FARO scanner.
5. Real-time Crop Yields – Shifting to real-time crop monitoring
and targeted, automated responses with drones and precision watering
sensors.
6. Current Food Security – Safeguarding food insecure populations
by establishing underlying causes through satellite, mobile-collected
and GIS data storage.
7. Agri-tourism – Navigating through crop mazes with GPS receivers
in the developing field of agri-tourism.
8. Plant Hardiness – Defining distinct boundaries in which plants
are capable of growing as defined by climatic conditions.
9. Machine Performance – Logging geographic coordinates of
agricultural machinery in a farm field to better understand the
spatially variability cost of field operation and machinery
performance.
10. Future Food Demand – Diagnosing the future food demand and
planning how to fulfill the needs of a growing and increasingly
affluent population.
11. Crop Assimilation Model – Simulating soil, water and crop
processes to better understand crop productivity and monitoring using
the Crop Assimilation Model tool in GRASS GIS.
12. Water Stress – Balancing the ratio of local withdrawal
(demand) over the available water (supply).
13. Historical Agricultural Land – Plotting the historical and
future farming trends served.
14. Hunger Map – Raising awareness about global hunger and places
that are in need.
15. Agromap – Breaking down primary food crops by sub-national
administrative districts and aggregating by crop production, area
harvested and crop yields.
16. Crop Resilience to Climate Change – Adapting to climate change
and shifting weather patterns by promote the continued health of your
fields.
17. Crop Productivity – Calibrating crop productivity using
indices like Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to estimate
global crop productivity. (Satellite Image Corporation AgroWatch
Green Vegetation
Index)
18. Erosion-Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) – Prioritizing
cropland conservation program implementations through “Model
Simulation of Soil Loss, Nutrient Loss, and Change in Soil Organic
Carbon Associated with Crop Production”.
19. Agriculture Capability – Classifying the varying potential for
agricultural production using the Canadian Land Inventory.
20. Ranch Pasture Management – Collecting soils types, fence
lines, roads and other data for better management for more meaningful
reports and maps.
21. Agricultural Pollution – Quantifying the impacts on climate
and the environment from agricultural pollution.
22. Agriculture Revenue – Determining the Effective Opportunity
Cost relating to deforestation and potential agricultural revenue with
IDRISI GeOSIRIS for REDD.
23. Irrigation – Capturing irrigation infrastructure for land
management decisions more than two-thirds of the world’s freshwater
withdrawals are for irrigating crops.
24. Farm Preservation – Establishing farm priority zones by
analyzing the local farming landscape and constructing criteria for
high-quality farming areas.
25. Versatile Soil Moisture Budget – Simulating soil moisture
conditions of cropland areas taking into account evapotranspiration,
rainfall, runoff and other factors.
26. Drought – Minimizing the impact of drought by analyzing the
spatial distribution of rainfall and real-time sensors like SMAP, SMOS
and synthetic aperture radar.
27. CropScape – Estimating acreage of crop types and spatial
distribution using satellite imagery with National Agricultural
Statistics Services. (USDA NASS
CropScape)
28. Crop Forecasting – Predicting crop yields using NDVI, weather,
soil moisture, soil types and other parameters.
29. Organic Farming – Managing various sources of data for organic
farming permits including tillage history, field inputs, crop
rotations, and pest management measures on a field-by-field basis.
30. Agricultural Non-Point Source (AGNPS) Model – Predicting the
effects of agriculture on water quality using Agricultural Non-Point
Source pollution model in MapWindow
31. Drainage Ditches – Tracing farm field drainage lines using
stereo imagery in MicroImages TNTMips. (TNT Stereo Viewing
Tools)
32. Length of Growing Period – Meeting the full evapotranspiration
demands of crops when average temperatures are greater or equal to 5°C
and precipitation plus moisture store in the soil exceed half the
potential evapotranspiration.
2天文学/行星GIS应用¶
33. Asteroids – Gazing the sky and tracking asteroids with NASA’s bolide events map. (NASA’s Bolide Events)
34. Mapping Mars with MOLA – Start mapping a whole entire new
planet using NASA’s MOLA. (USGS Planetary GIS Web Server –
PIGWAD)
35. Mars Terrain – Going for a spin on the rugged terrain of Mars
using data captured by the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA)
instrument on the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS). (Mars
Terrain)
36. Mars Rover Landing – Examining how to landing the Mars Rover
safely with operations criteria including latitude for solar power,
soil softness, slopes using laser altimetry, dustiness, rockiness and
a landing footprint.
37. Water Flow on Mars – Hillshading the Mars Digital Elevation
Model to augment legibility and understand where rivers may have
flowed and oceans flourished. (Mars Water
Flow)
38. Satellite Orbits – Gazing the sky for satellites and even
programming satellites for image acquisition. (Satellite
Map)
39. Magnetic Fields – Investigating magnetic field lines in 3D
with international geomagnetic field maps.
40. Astrogeology – Delivering planetary mapping to the
international science community in public domain – from planetary
topology to lunar geology. (Astrogeology Science
Centre)
41. UFO Sightings – Speculating UFO sightings with proportional
symbols with over 90,000 reports dating back to 1905. m
42. Light Pollution – Recognizing the artificial light introduced
by humans in the night sky and how it interferes with the observation
of stars. (NOAA’s VIIRS
data) / Light Pollution
Map)
43. Mars in Google Earth – Searching for Martian landmarks with
Google Earth’s “Live from Mars” layer.
44. International Space Station – Tracking the real-time location
of the International Space Station (ISS) in ArcGIS Online Data.
45. Venus – Mapping the altimetry, shaded relief and geology of
Venus. (Venus
Map)
46. Magnetic Declination – Positioning with the magnetic
declination, a varying angle from a true geographic north using NOAA
National Geophysical Data Center 2015 data and the Magnetic
Declination QGIS Plugin.
47. Gravity Anomaly – Understanding our Earth’s gravity by mapping
the unusual concentrations of mass in a different regions on Earth.
(The Geoid)
48. NASA Visible Earth – Cataloging images and animations of our
home planet in the electromagnetic spectrum from various sensors.
(NASA Visible Earth)
49. Tycho – Mapping Tycho, the youngest moon crater.
50. Milky Way – Surveying the inner part of the Milky Way Galaxy
with GLIMPSE (Galactic Legacy Infrared Midplane
Extraordinaire)
3考古学GIS应用¶
51. Lost Cities – Revealing lost cities in the ground and their
forgotten past using ground penetrating radar and infrared sensors.
(LiDAR uncovers lost cities)
52. Archaeological Survey – Tackling a huge problem archaeologists
face every day – collecting physical locations of their excavation
findings from a wealth of sites.
53. Middle Eastern Geodatabase for Antiquities – Recording,
monitoring, and protecting archaeological sites to avoid impacting,
factor cost for site mitigation – developed by the Getty Conservation
Institute (GCI) and the World Monuments Fund (WMF). (MEGA
Geodatabase)
54. Geographic Text Analysis – Incorporating a semi-automated
exploration of large written texts combining Natural Language
Processing techniques, Corpus Linguistics and GIS.
55. QGIS Archaeology Tools – Computerizing the archaeological
community with their record keeping with the pyArchInit QGIS plugin.
56. Mediterranean Landscape Dynamics – Modeling surface process
change and landscape evolution to better understand the long-term
interactions of humans and landscapes in the Mediterranean using GRASS
GIS. (Mediterranean Landscape Dynamics)
57. Preliminary Site Investigation – Searching ancient maps for
buildings, cemeteries, roads and fences as these sites present
important clues to archaeological sites.
58. Stone Tools – Characterizing geographic features suitable for
making stone tools and clay pottery such as lithic materials, water
resources, stream hydrology with geologic controls like bedrock
outcrops and drainage basin floodplains.
59. Viewshed – Scoping out a site by determining what is within
eyesight considering all prehistoric conditions associated to that
viewshed.
60. Archaeological Site Prediction – Connecting favorable slope,
aspect, geology, hydrology and distance to water using the Multiple
Criteria Evaluation (MCE) to predict archaeological sites.
61. Cultural Heritage Inventory – Customizing and deploying the
collection of cultural heritage field observations with open source
geospatial software Arches. (Arches Heritage Inventory & Management
System)
62. 3D Archaeology – Rendering accurate and efficient 3D
recordings of archaeological heritage sites, in particular
archaeological excavations with aerial imagery and 3D environments.
63. Shovel Test Pits – Logging transects, shovel test pits and
other recordings when they visit potential locations to conduct field
investigations.
64. Predicting Dinosaur Tracks – Getting the inside track on
understanding exactly where dinosaurs once roamed the Earth with
vegetation coverage, slope, aspect and proximity to landslides.
4建筑GIS应用¶
65. Line of Sight – Planning high-rise buildings so they don’t
obstruct the view of the mountains in Portland using line of sight.
66. Exposure to Noise – Orchestrating urban mobility plans with
special consideration for the impact environmental noise using
OrbisGIS. (Urban Noise)
67. Development Planning – Making citizens happy through smart
development planning and understanding the bigger picture.
68. Crowd Simulation – Mastering the collective dynamics of
interacting objects in urban phenomena at the scale of individual
households, people, and units of real estate and at time-scales
approaching “real time”. (Crowd
Simulation)
69. Solar Exposure – Harvesting light to assess the suitability of
installing solar (photovoltaic) panels on roofs using 3D city models
and geometric information such as the tilt, orientation and area of
the roof.
70. City Engine – Assessing feasibility and plan implementation
using Esri’s City Engine improving urban planning, architecture, and
overall design.
71. Pedestrian Behavior – Discerning the movements of pedestrians
and urban behavior throughout through a plaza in Copenhagen.
72. Shadow Analysis – Diagnosing how much shadow will be casted in
the pre-construction phase onto its surrounding using Bentley Map.
73. Parking Availability – Orchestrating a parking available by
collecting the percent of spaces occupied versus search time.
74. Integration of GIS and BIM – Operating a facility with BIM
(building information modeling) because of its ability to analyze
information and integrate data from different systems.
75. Tangible Landscape – Experimenting with the potential impact
of different building configurations with an easy-to-use 3D sketching
tool. (Tangible
Landscape)
76. Geodesign – Conceptualizing building plans with focus on
stakeholder participation and collaboration to closely follow natural
systems.
77. Propagation of Noise in Urban Environments – Modelling 3D data
to answer how urban citizens are harmed by noise pollution, and how to
mitigate it with noise barriers.
78. Space Utilization – Augmenting NASA’s Langley Research Center
by applying optimization algorithms to space utilization. (Space
Utilization)
79. Ordnance Survey Geovation – Pioneering location innovation in
the United Kingdom through Geovation – the collaboration, exchange of
ideas and inspiring innovation. (Ordnance Survey
Geovation)
5北极/南极洲GIS应用¶
80. Quantarctica – Familiarizing yourself with Antarctic with the
free, open-source source collection of geographical datasets.
(Quantarctica)
81. Exclusive Economic Zones – Carving out boundaries in the
Arctic – Canada, Norway, Russia, Denmark (via Greenland) and the
United States are limited to their economic adjacent to their coasts
while all waters beyond is considered international water.
82. Shipping Route Shortcuts – Transporting goods through the
Arctic passage because of melting ice in the North Pole.
83. Sea Ice Motion – Maintaining an inventory of sea ice extents
snapshots from NOAA’s National Snow and Ice Data Center. (Sea Ice
Motion)
84. Aspect – Using aspect and incoming solar radiation data to
understand how glaciers accumulate on the poleward side.
85. Subglacial Lakes – Mapping lakes under glaciers – isolated
from the outside world for up to 35 million years, and may be final
refuges for life, the like of which exists nowhere else on Earth.
(Subglacial
Lakes)
86. Antarctic Digital Magnetic Anomaly Project (ADMAP) –
Uncovering the tectonic evolution using near-surface magnetic anomaly
data. (Antarctic Magnetic
Anomaly)
87. Wildlife Tracking – Logging the species richness of marine
mammals like whales, seals, walruses and narwhals and seabirds or
waterfowl in the Arctic.
88. Sea Ice Index – Bringing together data on Antarctica’s ice
sheet surface, thickness and boundary using passive remote sensing.
(Sea NSIDC Ice Index)
89. Fish – Showing the probability of occurrence and observations
for fish species – from Atlantic cod to Walleye Pollock. (Commission
for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living
Resources)
90. Arctic Research Projects – Displaying research projects,
showing available data and exploring possible collaborations. (Arctic
Research Projects)
91. Arctic Ocean Floor – Sculpting the Arctic Ocean with the sonic
depth finder and discovering dynamic with trenches, ridges and abyssal
plains.
92. Arctic’s Geology – Interpreting the geology of the Arctic
using enhanced magnetic data, Landsat imagery and topographic data.
(Arctic
Geology)
93. COMNAP Facilities – Mapping out the COMNAP facilities in
Antarctica that currently supports a range of scientific research.
(COMNAP Facilities)
94. Polar Bear – Keeping counts of the most vulnerable populations
of polar bear (due to climate change) by comparing two satellite
images over time.
95. Search and Rescue – Lunging into search and rescue operations
using the Safety and Operability Index which calculates risk based on
factors such as sea ice, visibility, temperature, distance from SAR
resources.
96. Environmental Risk – Assessing the environmental vulnerability
of marine resources with respect to oil spill as external stressor.
(Arctic Environmental
Risk)
97. Polar Ice Melt – Monitoring the polar ice melt using
satellites like GOCE and GRACE that measures how much mass is on
Earth. (GOCE and GRACE Satellites)
6水上GIS应用¶
98. Stream Order – Defining stream size based on a hierarchy of
tributaries the Strahler Index (or Horton-Strahler Index) – an
important indicator of fisheries and aquatic habitat.
99. Fish Habitat Models – Connecting fish species with their
habitat using habitat suitability indexes.
100. Whale Tracking – Stalking pigmy killer, sperm, beaked and
false killer whales in the Pacific Ocean with online mapping
applications. (Whale Tracking)
101. Global Shark Tracker – Monitoring sharks recovery rates with
acoustic tags allowing detection in multiple dimensions.
(OCEARCH)
102. Fish Eradication – Eradicating Northern pike which negatively
affect local trout fishery and the economy by tracking their movements
with GPS. (Northern Pike
Eradication)
103. Spawning Sites – Drawing spawning site boundaries for
migratory fish that are known to release eggs.
104. Hydro-Acoustics – Listening to echoes with hydro-acoustics
for the Crean Lake Hydro-Acoustics project – capturing lake depth,
fish class, fish stock numbers, habitat preference related to
temperature. (Crean Lake Hydro-Acoustics)
105. Mercury in Stream – Grasping the origin of mercury – which
are contaminants to fish tissue – by studying the landscape such as
soils and humus.
106. Fish Habitat Conservation Areas – Fine-tuning fish habitat
conservation areas by knowing the big picture of fish distribution.
107. Overfishing – Maintaining sustainable fish population levels
with satellite monitoring of sea surface temperature and ocean colors
(because they are indicative of specific fish species).
108. Stress Monitoring – Correlating fish stresses from the local
environment such as heat stress from the removal of trees along a
stream.
109. SCIMAP – Identifying locations of diffuse pollution risk for
polluted water and aquatic habitat using SCIMAP. (Diffuse Pollution
Risk Mapping)
7航空GIS应用¶
110. Live Air Traffic – Turning your computer into air traffic
control center using Flight Radar 24. (Flight Radar
24)
111. Airplane Identification – Pointing your phone to the sky and
identifying airplanes above you using Flight Radar 24.
112. World’s Busiest Airports – Surfing the world’s top 25 busiest
airports with the Esri Global Crossroads Story Map. (World’s Busiest
Airports)
113. Voronoi Diagram – Discovering that Mataveri Airport in Easter
Island is the most remote airport in the world with the Voronoi
airport proximity map. (Voronoi
Diagram)
114. Obstruction Evaluation – Securing safe take-offs and landings
with the Federal Aviation Agency’s (FAA) vertical obstruction database
115. Flight Path – Simulating flight paths integrated with
elevation data, imagery and other spatial data using Falcon View.
116. Search for Flight MH370 – Crowd-sourcing the search for
flight MH370 with satellite imagery provided by DigitalGlobe.
(Airplane Search
Crowdsourcing)
117. Airspace Builder – Visualizing the air available to aircraft
to fly in with 3D volumes using NASA’s World Wind. (NASA World Wind)
118. Air Traffic Control – Fine-tuning air traffic control with a
common operational picture for security vulnerability and land use
permitting.
119. Drone No-fly Zones – Delineating drone no-fly zones where
it’s illegal to fly such as near airports and military bases.
120. Aeronautical Charts – Scouting out best routes, safe
altitudes and navigation aids in the sky with aeronautical charts.
121. Runway Approach Zone Encroachment – Pinpointing obstructions
in the approach zone of a runway using detailed elevation data to
ensure no collisions FAA Safety Analysis.
122. Airport Sound Exposure – Assessing the relationship between
aircraft-generated noise levels and land uses, noise receptors, and
demographics in the airport environs.
123. Fly Through – Cruising the high altitudes with interactive 3D
viewing and fly-throughs with Landserf.
(Landserf)
124. Flight Simulator – Becoming a pilot in the cockpit with
three-dimensional perspective views of an area by combined with
elevation and imagery. (Online Flight
Simulator)
125. Air Space Review – Automating the dissemination and portrayal
of Special Activity Airspace information via OGC Web Services.
(Envitia Special Air
Space)
8汽车集成GIS应用¶
126. Toyota Vehicle Crowd Sourcing – Piecing together
hyper-precise and up-to-date maps using Toyota vehicle’s GPS and
camera.
127. In-Vehicle Usage – Monitoring driving habits like speed,
sudden acceleration and pushing hard on the brakes for insurance
underwriting.
128. GeoFencing – Immobilizing cross border travel with geofencing
(virtual barriers) – perfect for car sharing and rental programs. (To
Geofence or not)
129. Self-Driving Vehicles – Sitting back and relaxing while
Google’s autonomous car does all the work equipped with LiDAR, GPS, an
inertial unit and sophisticated software. (Google’s Self-Driving
Car)
130. GPS Receivers – Nurturing mapping technology as it’s almost
standard to have a GPS receiver and a monitor with all the latest
maps.
131. Waze Real-Time Driving – Saving time and money on your
commute as drivers share real-time traffic information and road alerts
with each other with Waze. (Waze Live
Map)
132. Estimated Travel Time – Locking in your destination and
getting live updates for estimated travel time.
133. Morgan Freeman’s Voice – Enjoying the calm, soothing voice of
Morgan Freeman as he delivers directions from your GPS navigation
system. (Morgan Freeman GPS)
9银行业GIS应用¶
134. Market Share – Examining branch locations, competitor
locations and demographic characteristics to identify areas worthy of
expansion or determine market share in Maptitude. (Market
Share)
135. ATM Machine – Filling in market and service gaps by
understanding where customers, facilities, and competitors are with
address locating, database management and query tools.
136. World Bank Economic Statistics – Slicing and dicing raw
financial data from the World Bank. (World Bank
Data)
137. Merger and Acquisitions – Profiling and finding opportunities
to gain and build where customers are with market profiling
138. Supply and Demand – Identifying under-served areas and
analyzing your competitor’s market.
139. Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) – Fulfilling the obligations
to loan in areas with particular attention to low- and moderate-income
households – using GIS to understand spatial demographics. (Bank of
America uses MapInfo for
CRA)
140. Mobile Banking – Capturing locations where existing mobile
transaction occur and assisting in mobile security infrastructure.
10商务GIS应用¶
141. Fleet Management – Staying in route and solving scheduling
problems with fleet management.
142. Augmented Reality – Augmenting reality with commercial use in
mind – such as advertising and restaurant reviews. (Google
Glass)
143. Direct Marketing – Revitalizing selling strategies by
reaching out to customers directly with locational intelligence.
144. Drive-Time Analysis – Determining a trade area based on how
long a customer must drive to get to the store – factoring in street
speed limits, traffic volumes, and other impedance.
145. Internet of Things – Improving efficiency, accuracy and
economic benefit through a network of physical objects such as
devices, vehicles, buildings and other items—embedded with
electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity that enables
these objects to collect and exchange information with one another.
146. Market Share Analysis – Optimizing the locations of
facilities so the allocated demand is maximized in the presence of
competitors using tools like location-allocation in ArcGIS.
(Location-Allocation
Tool)
147. Nearest Location – Resolving the nearest gas station,
restaurants or coffee shop using GPS-based positioning and geocoded
business data.
148. Property Appraisal – Appraising residential properties using
Census data and finding your property online through interactive
property assessment viewers.
149. Internet Geocoding – Mapping and analyzing user generated
geocoded data to get a glimpse of what internet users (in the
aggregate) think about particular places.
150. Geocoding Businesses – Pinpointing anything to everything
from restaurants, banks and donut shops with a list of addresses.
151. Reverse Geocoding – Geocoding in reverse; taking locations
from a map and listing their addresses.
152. Daytime Population – Marketing products effectively with
detailed daytime population demographics for an area reflecting who
works in that area as opposed to residential demographics.
153. Local Advertising – Advertising through social, local and
mobile mediums through location and making presence more known.
154. Tax Havens – Sheltering tax through tax havens then putting
it all on a map. (Open
Corporates)
155. GeoBranding – Increasing credibility and increasing sales
with prospective clients, vendors and media by conveying complex data
to increase sales.
156. Desire Lines – Plotting desire lines showing stores that
serves customers. (Origin and Destination – QGIS Oursins
Plugin)
157. Commercial Establishments – Updating commercial establishment
using gvSIG Mobile and a local databases. (Commercial Establishment
Database)
158. Supply Chain – Finding which supply chains are vulnerable to
better plan for interruptions (Boundless Supply Chain)
159. Integrated Freight Network Model – Integrating highly
detailed information about shipping costs, transfer costs, traffic
volumes and network interconnectivity properties in a GIS-based
platform. (Integrated Freight Network Model)
160. Capital Projects – Listing all the capital projects with
different stages of completion.
161. Gravity Models – Determining the likelihood of customers
patronizing a particular store based on the store’s proximity,
competition, and other factors.
162. Employee Travel Times – Modelling travel times in urban
networks for employee travel times.
163. Store Openings – Historicizing a company’s store openings.
(IKEA Store Openings)
164. Foursquare – Recommending 50 million users search for
restaurants, recommend bars, and check-in around the world with a
Mapbox custom branded map.
(Foursquare)
165. Infrastructure Expansion – Comparing historical data to
current conditions with satellite data from Astro Digital.
11消费科学与行为GIS应用¶
166. Data Analytics – Analyzing location-based information to
reveal relationship between individuals, families, and communities,
and the environment in which they live.
167. Huff Model – Calculating sales potential based on the Huff
Model – an interaction model measuring the probabilities of consumers
at each origin location patronizing a new store instead of other
stores.
168. Consumer Profiling – Optimizing consumer profiling with
location-based information on age, ethnicity, education, housing and
more.
169. Retail Customer Segmentation – Segmenting markets by customer
prototypes to improve the effectiveness of campaigns.
170. Buying Behavior – Correlating unthinkable variables like
weather and location with buying behaviors to find sales
opportunities.
171. Retail Store Movement – Detailing how customers move through
retail stores, what they bought, rejected and looked at.
172. Real-Time Gas Prices – Crowdsourcing gas price updates at
various gas stations on or along a route. (Waze Crowdsourced Gas
Prices)
173. Store Placement – Guiding the placement of new stores by
studying disposable income, population, or other variables to best
serve the population.
12气候变化GIS应用¶
174. NASA Earth Observatory – Exploring the causes and effects of
climate change of our atmosphere, oceans, land and life through the
use of satellite data. (NASA Earth
Observatory)
175. Climate Change Skeptics – Turning skeptics into believers.
Maps make climate change findings easier for skeptics to understand
and accept. (Climate Viewer)
176. Earth Interactions – Modelling vegetation, atmospheric,
rainfall and ecosystems to study their interactions simultaneously
177. Sea Level Rise – Collecting data to study sea level rise and
climate change from Jason-3 satellite. (Climate
Central)
178. County Climate – See for yourself how average maximum
temperature rises/falls in each county in the United States. (County
Climate)
179. Desertification – Understanding the underlying causes of
desertification such as inappropriate agriculture practices,
deforestation and drought.
180. Land Surface Temperature Change – Using map algebra to see
how land surface temperature changes year-by-year. (Land Surface
Temperature)
181. Piecing Together the Climate Change Puzzle – Combining
various climate change data sets from various sources – for example
relating land practices with atmosphere aerosols. (ArcGIS
Online)
182. Pollution Modelling – Mapping air pollution sources and
impacts on environment and people.
183. Google Planetary Engine – Seeing with your own two eyes the
alarming changes of our planet. (Google Planetary
Engine)
184. Bird Risk and Richness – Studying the effects of shrinking
habitats on bird populations in the world.
(Audubon)
185. Carbon Sequestration – Deferring global warming through
carbon sequestration through location-based carbon management systems.
186. Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification – Modelling observed and
projected climate change scenarios with variables such as population
growth, economic development and varying energy use and technological
innovations.
187. Smog – Squinting your eyes to see through all of that smog.
(Mapbox Smog from
Space)
188. Temperature Change – Measuring the effects of greenhouse
gases being the main culprit of temperature change by mapping
temperature at levels above the Earth’s surface.
189. Climate Change Design – Redesigning to accommodate climate
change and pinpointing those locations needed most.
190. Land Change Modeller – Simplifying innovative land planning
and decision support with IDRISI’s Land Change Modeler. It includes
special tools for the assessment of REDD (Reducing Emissions from
Deforestation and forest Degradation) climate change mitigation
strategies.
191. Vegetation Indices – Using remote sensing vegetation indices
like NDVI, CTVI, NRVI and PVI to monitor vegetation change throughout
time.
13犯罪GIS应用¶
192. Crime Patterns – Responding to crimes with a data-driven
approach and deliver tailored responses through rapid deployment of
personnel and resources. (Spillman CompStat)
193. Incident Map – Keeping the community safer by streaming
visual mediums for arson, assault, burglary, homicide, prostitution,
robbery, theft, and vandalism in a city.
194. Auto Theft and Recovery – Tracking auto theft with
GPS-enabled vehicles.
195. Sex Offenders – Tracking past criminal offenders with GPS
movement patterns in relationship to schools and other entities.
196. Emergency Calls and Dispatch – An emergency call starts and
ends at a location. GIS can manage both 911 calls and dispatching
units to precise locations. (Zetron Computer-Aided Dispatch)
197. Law Enforcement Operations – Allocating and dispatching
police officers where it’s needed most by studying crime activities.
198. Unlawful Landlords – Capturing thermal signatures of illegal
tenants in sheds because renting out sheds is illegal in London,
England. (Pitney Bowes Crime
Solution)
199. Predictive Policing – Patrolling Mapping clusters of
burglaries or other crimes assigning more police in those locations
using heat maps or Getis-Ord General G and point patterns.
200. Missing Body Search – Narrowing down the search of a missing
by finding subtle terrain anomalies in the ground using LiDAR.
201. Megan’s Law – Obeying the requirement for local law
enforcement agencies to notify residents about the presence of certain
sex offenders in their area by only contacting a buffered area of the
offender’s residence.
202. Forensic GIS – Applying science and geographic information
for the investigating of a crime – such as using GPS-recorded
information in vehicles to prove the location at the scene of a crime.
(Forensic GIS – The Role of Geospatial Technologies for Investigating
Crime and Providing Evidence)
203. GeoEvent Notification – Avoiding high-crime areas with
geofencing when delivering high-valued goods.
204. Extra Penalties – Dishing out extra penalties to criminals if
convicted of selling drugs within a specified distance of a school
property.
205. Illegal Smuggling – Monitoring cross-border smuggling
activity by placing a GPS on a vehicle with a warrant to do so.
206. Fear of Crime – Interviewing individuals for fear of crime
using GPS-enabled mobile computing.
207. Geographic Profiling – Using a connected series of crimes to
determine the most probabilistic location of a criminal offender or
offense – useful for finding serial criminals.
208. Stalking – Abusing GPS technology by stalking with a GPS
receiver. A GPS jammer prevents positional monitoring.
209. First Response – Getting to a crime scene quicker with all
the critical information needed in the field. (Adashi Incident Command
Software)
210. Traffic Violations – Collecting and mapping traffic incident
to assess if units should be spread out or concentrated in certain
locations.
211. Open Air Drug Markets – Uncovering relationship between
crimes and the location of open air drug markets based on analogous
crimes throughout other communities
212. Ankle Monitor – Homing in on those under house arrest or
parole. GPS bracelets only have value if you know where they are
going.
14国防/军事GIS应用¶
213. Augmented Reality Sandtable (ARES) – Improving battlespace
visualization with projected GIS data on a sandtable. (Augmented
Reality)
214. Terrorism Search – Finding Osama Bin Laden using remote
sensing imagery with biogeographic theory (distance-decay theory and
island biogeography theory). (Finding Osama Bin
Laden)
215. Anti-aircraft – Answering anti-aircraft gun reach using 3D
dome layers to avoid dangerous airspace
(Anti-aircraft)
216. Safe Landings– Parachuting from the skies safely by
evaluation the underlying surroundings of the area.
217. Intelligence Data Integration – Overlaying accurate
geographic data for battlefield application and make life saving
decisions
218. Combat Flight Planning Software (CFPS) – Previewing combat
routes, weapon delivery and air drop planning in Falcon View. (Falcon
View)
219. Reconnaissance Satellites – Spying on enemies with satellites
– from Corona in 1959 to the tiny CubeSat’s being used today.
220. Base Construction Planning – Constructing a base site without
it being visible from nearby major roads using the 3D skyline tool.
221。 地理空间情报 –利用地理空间调查和紫外线到微波图像揭示人类活动。
222. Military Simulation – Simulating ground vehicle in a highly
realistic virtual world.
223. US Army Corps of Engineers – Delivering vital public and
military engineering services keeping geospatial information in mind.
(US Army Corps of Engineers)
224. Pigeon Mapping – Spying on enemies in World War II with the
Bavarian Pigeon Corps – a flock of pigeons equipped with cameras.
225. Chokepoint – Safeguarding chokepoints like bridges or dams
where critical infrastructure converge – explosions here would cause
multiple effects.
226. Bird Strike – Flying safely through the Bird Avoidance Model
(BAM) – a temporal raster grids equal to the sum of the mean bird mass
for all species present.
227. Uranium Depletion – Mapping depleted uranium and preventing
it from getting into the wrong hands.
228. President Assassination – Preventing assassinations by
understanding the logistics of a past one. (Assassination
Prevention)
229. Mobile Command Modeling – Setting up shop by finding the most
optimal mobile command location.
230. Common Operating Picture – Getting everyone on the same page
with a Common Operating Picture.
231. Military Mission Planning – Increasing operational awareness
to helicopter pilots through 3D for conducting ingress and egress
movement.
232. Locational Intelligence – Creating safety and danger areas
for ground-to-ground weapons (Surface Danger Zones) and air-to-ground
Weapon Danger Zone. (Range Management Toolkit
(RMTK))
233. United Nations Peacekeeping – Peacekeeping by means of having
the geographic necessary for humanitarian aid, developing peace in
war-torn countries and providing the necessary support.
234. Critical Features – Identifying threats to homeland security
by collecting knowledge of the built and cultural environments.
235. Tactical Planning – Deploying troops and military equipment
to combat zones intelligently by searching compressed and
quick-loading reconnaissance imagery.
236. Motion Video – Capturing georeferenced video to assess
anything such as operational status of an industrial plant, bomb
damage on a target or length of a runway. (GeoMedia Motion Video
Analyst)
237. Homeland Security – Addressing vulnerabilities and
formulating preparedness measures in case of terrorism and emergency
situations.
238. Virtual Reality – Simulating military and training in a 3D
environment using GIS data.
239. Attack Modelling – Modeling a potential attack to legitimize
the needs and have policy makers truly understand the consequences of
an attack with preparedness expenditures.
240. Helicopter Landing – Inventorying potential landing zones to
helicopters unseen, unheard and on flat terrain.
241. Guard Posting – Posting armed guards in optimal locations to
eliminate chokepoints.
242. 3D Fences – Building security fences with post interval and
number of wires/boards with heights in a 3D GIS environment.
243. War Maps – Familiarizing oneself with the enemy defenses and
territory by mapping strategic attacks.
244. World Trade Center – Responding to terrorist attacks
including real-time data delivery, victim tracking, facility and
resource vulnerability, data availability, implementation,
environmental exposure and air monitoring (World Trade Center GIS
Response)
245. Georeferenced Video – Cataloging and retrieving full motion
video using the ArcGIS Full Motion Video Add-In or Hexagon Geospatial
GeoMedia Motion GeoVideo Analyst.
246. Detecting IED – Monitoring disturbed surfaces one day to next
to find Improvised Explosive Devices
247. Logistics – Responding to military and security decisions
with timely logistics and support.
248. Camouflage Detection – Carrying out early reconnaissance
missions during war using near-infrared.
249. Military Grid Reference System – Locating points on the Earth
with from three parts – grid zone designator, square identifier and
numerical location.
15灾害GIS应用¶
250. Richter Scale – Depicting earthquakes on a 3D globe like
spikes on a porcupine for each reading on the Richter scale. (3D
Richter Scale Map)
251. Shared Operations – Responding to disasters with quickness
and reliability using a Common Operating Picture and cloud services
(Cloud GIS for Disaster Monitoring)
252. Chernobyl Exclusion Zone – Buffering a radius of 18.6 miles
(30 km) which is now known as the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone.
253. Landslide Vulnerability – Dodging landslides with relief maps
and 3D analysis.
254. Hurricane Response – Sidestepping the threat of hurricanes by
tracking historical hurricane paths and through better disaster
response/assistance.
255. Earthquake Prediction – Obtaining earthquake signatures
measuring subduction events with GRACE satellite and the geoid.
(Earthquake
Prediction)
256. Coastal Surges – Estimating risk in three steps using HAZUS
software by FEMA.
257. Citizen Alert – Guaranteeing protection of citizens by
delivering geo-targeted alerts on mobile. (FME Server Real-Time
Earthquake
Reporting)
258. What-if Scenarios – Determining higher likelihood events
based on historical data and spatial analysis.
259. Evacuation – Evaluating evacuation capabilities neighborhoods
may face and generating effective design.
260. Oil Spill – Degreasing oil spills by identifying current
direction and rate of oil movement.
261. Tornado Warning Siren – Safeguarding residents with effective
siren coverage in tornado alley. (Tornado Warning Siren
Modelling)
262. Fire Severity – Prioritizing prevention and planning efforts
during forest fires.
263. Flood Forecasting – Simulating with stream discharge
hydrographs with variations of water over time.
264. Tornado Alley – Finding patterns of historical tornadoes in
Tornado Alley.
265. Avalanche Modeling – Uncovering areas prone to avalanches by
assessing high slopes with sparse vegetation for residential planning,
ski resorts and highway safety planning.
266. Tsunami Damage – Identifying high risk areas for tsunami
damage
267. Emergency Shelter – Allocating emergency shelter at time of
disaster
268. Consequences Assessment Tool Set (CATS) – Analyzing damage to
the environment, the exposed population, and provides real-time
resource allocation information to mitigate the consequences. (Leidos
Consequences Assessment Tool Set)
269. Vulnerability to Natural Hazards – Deselecting hazard-prone
land for more resilient communities through smart land planning.
270. Search and Rescue – Rescuing missing persons drones using
small, highly maneuverable unmanned aerial vehicles (drones).
271. Volcanic Ash – Rendering volcanic ash clouds in 3D for their
dispersion of spillages underwater.
272. Earthquake Epicenter/Hypocenter – Establishing the epicenter,
hypocenters, faults and lineaments, radius and frequency of
earthquakes.
273. Volcano Activity – Monitoring thermal emission from the
volcano’s summit in Iceland using Landsat’s Thermal Infrared.
274. Disaster Warning – Alerting citizens before a large-scale
earthquake happens with a new generation of inter-operable early
warning systems for multiple hazards. (DEWS – Distant Early Warning
System for Tsunamis –
uDig)
275. Earthquake Assistance – Assisting in the aftermath of the
massive Ecuador earthquake by listing “Safe Place” locations from
government listings. (Waze Community
Assistance)
276. Disaster Debris – Estimating debris amounts to better prepare
and respond to a major debris generating event.
277. Earthquake-Landslide Susceptibility – Mapping the
susceptibility of earthquake induced landslides using an artificial
neural networks and factors such as slope, aspect, curvature and
distance from drainage. (Earthquake-Landslide Susceptibility Using
Neural
Networks)
16生态GIS应用¶
278. Telemetry – Collecting GPS locations from collared mammals
for the purpose of storing, displaying and analyzing their
coordinates.
279. Habitat Suitability – Factoring in all the variables to
understand the habitat that animals select and avoid using linear
regression.
280. Land Facet Corridor Analysis – Identifying linkages between
wildlife and landscapes. (Land Facet Corridor
Analysis)
281. Landscape Fragmentation Tools (LFT) – Classifying land cover
types into forest fragmentation categories – patch, edge, perforated,
and core. (Landscape Fragmentation Tools
LFT)
282. Migration Patterns – Simulating the East African wildebeest
migration patterns for the Serengeti–Mara ecosystem in East Africa.
283. Path Metrics – Calculates turn angles, step lengths,
bearings, time intervals for a point time series dataset using GME.
(Geospatial Modelling Environment –
GME)
284. DNA Traits – Mapping the richness, distribution and diversity
of organisms on the landscape based on molecular marker (DNA).
285. Surui Tribe – Equipping the Surui tribe with geo-tagging
equipment to put an end to the deforestation and cultural devastation
in their section of the Brazilian rain forest. (Surui
Tribe)
286. Species Biodiversity – Gauging over time a decrease in
biodiversity or an abundance of species (invasive or
disturbance-increasing) using temporal GIS. (Refractions Biodiversity
BC)
287. Honey Bees – Stimulating spatial thinking processes by
analyzing relationships between environmental characteristics and
honey bee health and abundance (GIS Honey Bee Research)
288. Elk Ranges – Estimating an average home range for an entire
herd of mammals using the Minimum Convex Polygon in Hawth’s Tools.
289. Anthropogenic Disturbances – Understanding the effects of
transmission line construction by monitoring mammals with helicopter
surveys. Get to the choppa!
290. Migratory Birds – Cross-referencing telemetry GPS migratory
(Osprey) bird locations with Langley Air Force Base flying operations
in an effort to reduce an aircraft strike. (NASA Langley Research –
Bird/Wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazard)
291. Shannon’s H Diversity Index – Measuring mathematically
species diversity and richness in a community.
292. Microclimates – Analyzing exposure to sunlight with aspect
data as an indication of microclimates and species occurrence.
293. Topographic Ruggedness Index – Estimating terrain
heterogeneity which is useful for predicting which habitats are used
by species
294. De-Extinction – Bringing extinct species back to life and
marking their previous habitats – like the passenger pigeon from 5
billion birds to zero in a couple of decades.
295. Sky View – Maximizing the portion of visible sky and
understanding potential forest habitat.
296. FragStats – Computing a wide variety of landscape metrics for
categorical map patterns.
(FragStats)
297. Topographic Position Index – Classifying the landscape into
slope position and land-form category
298. Global Ecology Land Units – Characterizing distinct physical
environments and associated land cover of global ecosystems (USGS).
(Global Ecology Land
Units)
299. Biogeography – Studying ecosystems in geographic space and
through (geological) time along geographic gradients of latitude,
elevation, isolation and habitat area.
300. Species Modelling – Running the Maximum Entropy Model
(MAXENT). (QGIS Species Distribution Modelling (QSDM)
plugin)
301. Flocking Birds – Mimicking flocking birds in a system of
interactive parts using Agent Based Modeling. (NetLogo Flocking
Birds)
302. Risk of Extinction – Describing existing conditions of
habitat and predicting risk of extinctions, chance of recovery and
mitigation measures – such as prohibiting hunting.
303. Habitat Priority Planner – Prioritizing conservation,
restoration, and planning through NOAA’s Habitat Priority Planner.
(Habitat Priority Planner)
304. DNA Barcoding – Attaching a specific location when barcoding
life. Smithsonian Institution national Museum of Natural History –
(DNA Barcoding – Natural History)
305. Society for Conservation GIS (SCGIS) – Assisting
conservationists worldwide through community involvement and for the
conservation of natural resources and cultural heritage.
(SCGIS)
306. Sanctuary Ecologically Significant Areas – Delineating
remarkable, representative and/or sensitive marine habitats,
communities and ecological processes as SESAs. (Sanctuary Ecological
Significant
Areas)
307. Mammal Magnetic Alignment – Discovering how deer can sense
magnetism through satellite image analysis and field observations of
body alignments of deer beds in snow. (Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences
2008)
308. Sustainable Populations Counts – Counting polar bears and
their geographic distribution analyzing two satellite images over
time.
309. Crocodile Eggs – Monitoring in real-time factors like
temperature and humidity for crocodile eggs. (Crocodile Eggs
Real-Time
Monitoring)
310. Into the Okavango – Trekking the Okavango in a journal style
map – the world’s last great wetland wildernesses and UNESCO World
Heritage Site. (Into the Okavango)
311. World Animal Protection – Becoming more resilient from future
disasters. (World Animal Protection)
312. Linear Directional Mean – Determining the trend for the
movement of elk and moose in a stream valley could calculate the
directional trend of migration routes for the two species.
313. Wa-Tor Predator-Prey Simulation – Simulating ecological
predator-prey populations with randomness and rule-based responses.
314. Golden Eagle Tracking – Tracking Golden eagle populations
using a Biodiversity Tracking System in Manifold GIS.
315. Earth Trends Modeler – Assessing long term climate trends,
measuring seasonal trends in phenology, and decomposing image time
series to seek recurrent patterns in space and time in IDRISI
TerraSet.
316. Ecological Barrier – Marking physically isolated barriers
between species.
317. Geotagging Photos – Specifying wildlife photo locations
through geotagging and streamlining the importing process with
ArcPhoto.
17经济GIS应用¶
318. Spatial Econometrics – Intersecting spatial analysis with
economics. (GeoDa)
319. World Economic Outlook – Projecting the future economy and
key macroeconomic indicators with the World Economic Outlook – IMF
(World Economic
Outlook)
320. Goods Flow – Illustrating the flow of people or goods from
point to point based on values with desire lines. (Maptitude Flow
Lines)
321. Globalization – Measuring the degree and extent of economic
globalization using international trade data through time.
322. The Thünen Model – Distributing the production themselves in
space incorporating costs of transport and factor mobility.
323. Economic Freedom – Mapping economic freedom throughout the
world – an annual guide published by The Wall Street Journal and The
Heritage Foundation (Economic Freedom Heat
Map)
324. Geographic Portfolio – Diversifying your stock portfolio
geographically for different countries and stock markets of the world.
325. Global Trade – Exporting goods start at a location and ends
up in another.
326. Geographic Innovation Index – Investigating the relations
between geographic proximity to innovation resources and stock
returns. (Geographic Innovation
Index)
327. Economic Base Indicator – Viewing economic indicators for
business, industry and demography based on radial, drive and
proximity.
328. Thematic Mapping – Portraying economic data like unemployment
and labor information in time-series thematic maps because maps speak
to people
329. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) – Carving out boundaries for
sovereign rights regarding the exploration of marine resources below
the surface of the sea
330. Gross Domestic Product – Creating continuous area cartograms.
(Cartogram QGIS
Plugin)
331. Global Transition to a New Economy – Prioritizing human
well-being through a crowd-sourced sustainable projects map. (Global
Transition to a New Economy)
332. Trade Area – Delineating the geographic area where a certain
percentage of a store’s customers live.
333. Economic Costs of Pollution – Assessing greener growth
options and the costs of pollution in India by understanding the
current state of environment degradation.
18教育GIS应用¶
334. Campus Navigation – Navigate through a university campus with
online mapping applications.
335. Neogeography – Opening the floodgates for individuals to
create their own maps, on their own terms and by combining elements of
an existing toolset
336. Projection Art – Investigating our Earth by understanding map
projections. (National Geographic – Projection
Art)
337. Macroscope – Seeing through the macroscope – our earth as a
whole rather than be taken apart In their constituents.
(Macroscope)
338. Bus Services – Assessing which addresses in proximity to a
school are eligible for busing.
339. Safe Routes to School Mapping Toolkit – Deciding the safest
route to school.
340. Geospatial Revolution – Captivating audiences with the Penn
State Geospatial Revolution
341. Cartographic Modelling – Using map algebra to depict the
relationships of transportation and geography on access to adult
literacy centers in Philadelphia.
19能源GIS应用¶
342. Nuclear Power Risk – Conceptualizing nuclear power plant
radioactive release with evacuation time and population exposed.
343. Marine Renewable Energy – Seeing the ocean of information
with wave heights and wind for electric dam selection.
344. Concession – Putting concession licenses that give a company
the right to drill for oil or gas and exploratory drilling boreholes
on a map.
345. World Power Types – Seeing how much of the world is being
powered by fossil fuels, nuclear and renewable sources. (What Powers
the
World?)
346. Nuclear Waste Site Selection – Safeguarding people with
proper nuclear waste disposal
347. Water Yields and Scarcity – Estimating water yields and
scarcity at a sub-watershed level to calculate hydroelectric potential
to the year 2100. Water Scarcity with Ecosystem Services Modeler
IDRISI – The Ecosystem Services Modeler (ESM)
348. Access Limitation – Calculating access limitations for
building like slope being a major factor for getting wagons up the
hill to the site.
349. Coal Stockpiles – Capturing satellite imagery of frequent
shots of open pit mines and resource stockpiles to better understand
how much coal has been mined each month. (Coal
Stockpiles)
350. Shale Gas Plays – Depicting current and prospective shale gas
resource areas in shale basins from the Energy Information
Association.
351. Dam Sites Selection – Comparing hypothetical dam sites by
potential water storage to understand how land use/land cover is
impacted.
352. Energy Consumption – Drawing out energy capacity and
consumption on a map. (World Energy Consumption
Map)
353. Wind Farm Site Selection – Selecting suitable wind farm by
understanding wind power, transmission capacity, road access and
developable land.
354. Turbine Visibility – Discerning visibility of wind for
potential changes on a landscape, such as the effect of adding wind
farms, or the addition of a new building to an urban area.
355. Radar Interference – Calculating potential radar interference
and conflicts between turbines and airport approach/landing surfaces
with 3D analysis.
20工程GIS应用¶
356. Asset Management – Managing infrastructure data maintenance
along with their lifecycle (GeoMedia Asset
Management)
357. Building Permits – Helping the user determine whether or not
a requested permit is in an historic district, an aquifer protection
district, wetland, or floodplain.
358. CAD Interoperability – Integrating CAD data (DWG, DXF) into
GIS and vice versa.
359. Construction Environmental Management Plan – Mitigating the
potential negative impacts of engineering projects by identifying
environmentally sensitive sites and mitigation measures.
360. COGO – Constructing points, spirals, curves and arcs with
coordinate geometry.
361. Real-time Sensors – Monitoring carbon monoxide in real-time
with GeoEvent Extension with set thresholds and alerts (Valarm
Monitoring Company)
362. Augmented Reality – Pulling up engineering diagrams and
real-time sensor networks to view water pressure or amperage.
(Augmented
Reality)
363. Cut & Fill – Carving out 3D cut and fills for major civil
engineering projects such as major road constructions.
364. Department of Interior – Constructing dams, power plants, and
canals for protecting water and water-related resources in the United
States. (Bureau of Reclamation)
365. Facility Management – Optimizing energy efficiency with
building automation services for a more comprehensive view of a
building.
366. Artificial Dam – Damming a site artificially by raising the
elevations along a dam site using a Euclidean distance grid and map
algebra.
367. Development Area – Getting the big picture by tapping into
GIS data like gentle slopes, and closeness to roads.
21环境GIS应用¶
368.**环境影响评价** —测量对拟定开发项目环境的预期影响
369. Site Remediation – Removing contamination from a plot of land
detailing risk exposure and an overview with maps.
370. Fire Growth Simulation – Extinguishing fires faster by
understand how they grow in discrete steps bringing together wind,
weather and fuel for the fire. (FireScience
BehavePlus)
371. Surface Water Flow – Characterizing water flow to be
identified as high consequence for oil spill mitigation.
372.**死区** –绘制出海洋生物无法生存的死区。
373. Canadian Land Inventory – Charting out land capability to
sustain agriculture, forestry and recreation.
374. Non-point Source Pollution – Modelling non-point source
pollution like soil erosion and sedimentation which are often
controlled by variables such as land use/cover, topography, soils and
rainfall.
375. Wetland Inventory – Delineating wetlands by types and
function. (National Wetlands
Inventory)
376. Invasive Species Modular Dispersal – Modelling the spread of
a species’ population distribution through time occupancy maps (GRASS
GIS Species Dispersal)
377. Storm Water Runoff – Conserving nearby resources such as
water and flora by better managing runoff.
378. Brownfield and Greenfield Sites – Digging up the background
information (Phase 1) and conducting the necessary geo-technical
analyses to explore economic opportunities at brownfield and
greenfield sites.
379. Ozone – Motivating the world to do their part by mapping the
spatial distribution of ozone concentrations.
380. SWAT Model – Testing the effectiveness of agriculture and
environmental policies for pollution control systems in a given
watershed like the mwSWAT Plugin in MapWindow
381. Karst – Identifying known cave and karst resources into a
sinkhole digitization database for best interstate alignment
selection. (Karst
Database)
382. Permafrost – Interpreting permafrost probability in the
Yukon. (Yukon Permafrost Probability
Map)
383. Traffic Sign Deterioration – Assessing the effects of air
pollutants on traffic sign deterioration. (Traffic Sign Deterioration)
384. Impoundment Index Tool for Wetlands – Unearthing wetlands
with Impoundment Index Tool to site potential wetland restoration
projects, monitor wetland drainage and model beaver habitat.
(Whitebox GAT Impoundment Index
Tool)
22林业GIS应用¶
385. Forest Inventory – Prioritizing timber harvesting units by
referring to age class and forest type to better measure timber
acreage and average estimates.
386. Forest Fires – Plotting out forest fires with MODIS.
(University of Maryland Forest Fires)
387. Deforestation – Gauging deforestation using land cover change
in time.
388. Reforestation – Recharging forests through tree planting
planning on a map.
389. Forest Heights – Measuring tree heights with altimetry and
noticing how trees generally differ 20m with taller ones at the
equator. (GLAS Satellite)
390. Vertical Point Profile – Viewing vertical profile of 3D LiDAR
points to better understand tree structure and height. (TNT
LiDAR)
391. Cut Lines – Finding cut lines in ortho imagery to find easy
access.
392. Tree Lines – Drawing tree lines in the Canadian Arctic.
393. Illegal Logging – Identify potential illegal activity with
satellite data. (Global Forest
Watch)
394. Forest Carbon Reserves – Sequestering carbon through forest
reserves and carbon observed in atmosphere.
395. Agent-Based Simulation – Simulating the spread of an agent
(like a fire) triggered by random events (such as lightning) on a
raster landscape in discrete time. (GME Cellular Automata
Model)
396. Global Forest Watch – Putting all the pieces together with an
integrated forest watch online platform.
397. Drones for Indonesia Indigenous – Promoting sustainable
forests using drones in Setulang village, Indonesia. (Drones for
Indonesia)
398. Wildfire Rescue – Saving lives through real-time wildfire
satellite monitoring.
399. Vegetation Potential – Analyzing tree growth & distribution
of vegetation with west/east-facing and aspect data.
400. Leaf Area Index – Summing the total area of leaves per ground
unit.
401. Amazon Rain Forest – Maximizing satellite potential viewing
soil erosion, watershed destabilization, climate degradation, and
species extinction in Brazil.
402. Remnant Rain Forest – Studying aspect data to find how
remnants of rainforest are almost always found on east-facing slopes
(with aspect) which are protected from dry westerly wind.
403. 4D GIS – Getting to know the XYZ’s with time of timber
harvesting and subsequent vegetation growth.
404. Age of Trees – Inventorying the XY position and rings of
trees in a database to understand its age.
405. Forest Disease – Mapping the impact of how forest
infestations like the mountain pine beetle has on forests and the
economy. (Google Fusion Tables – Disease
Map)
406. Wildfire Simulation – Automating the spread of wildfire in
time using the 3D virtual workspace of Capaware.
23游戏GIS应用¶
407. Oculus Rift – Building realistic 3D environments with Esri
CityEngine because virtual reality is all about location and a sense
of place. (Esri CityEngine and Oculus
Rift)
408. Building Virtual Environments – Designing future buildings,
roads, cities, and parks with video game contributions. (GIS and
Gaming – Matt
Artz)
409. Geoguessr – Embarking on an educational journey that takes
you all over the world (Geoguessr)
410. Mercator Projection Game – Learning about shape, size, and
conformity of the Earth with map projections.
411. Spatial Data Integration – Intersecting the gaming world with
rich, real-world, spatial data integration.
412. Planet Hunters – Finding undiscovered planets with
crowd-source style online games. (Planet
Hunters)
24园艺GIS应用¶
413. Living Plant Collection – Managing garden collections and
plant records with the ArcGIS Public Garden Data Model like the UC
Davis Arboretum, Arnold Arboretum at Harvard University and
Smithsonian Garden. (Public Gardens
GIS)
414. Gardening Microclimates – Studying microclimates (temperature
from large bodies of water, topography, urban areas trapping heat) to
carefully choose and position their plants and make them thrive.
415. Information Delivery – Inspire and educate your visitors with
intelligent web maps of your park or garden.
416. Weeds – Storing weeds and herbicide dosage in a database to
manage effectiveness and control measures.
417. Roof Gardening – Assessing average temperatures by zoning,
water availability and position sheltering to identify buildings with
the greatest potential for rooftop gardens.
418. Garden Reporting – Creating data-driven reports and mapbooks
on collections of plants about conditions and hazards.
25地质GIS应用¶
419. Drill Hole Planner – Drilling with 3D planning tools
including depth, azimuth and positions.
420. Aquifer Recharge – Determining potential aquifer recharge
using steepness of slope and soil permeability
421. Well & Volumetric Data Visualization – Creating powerful,
fast, customized 3D models with a fusion of geologic data, GIS data,
well/borehole data, and point cloud data. (Voxler Golden
Software)
422. Plate Wizard Project – Reconstructing converging and
diverging plates through geologic time.
423. Geological Interpretation – Digitizing surficial geology
(surface sediments, their morphology and properties) with air photo
interpretation and field validation.
424. qgSurf – Interpreting geomorphological analyses based on
their surface and orientation.
425. Marine Geology – Inventorying marine geology. (NOAA Marine
Geology)
426. Geomorphology Features – Studying the nature and origin of
landforms, including relationships to underlying structures and
processes of formation.
427. Dip and Strike – Plotting dip and strike readings and their
geological orientation with rotational symbols.
428. Digital Rock Engineering – Tunneling underground with
attention to existing topography and its surrounding which includes
above-ground and underground structures
429. Aeromagnetic Anomalies – Correlating aeromagnetic anomalies
with surface geology in tectonically active region.
430. Continental Drift – Measuring tectonics plate movement with
GPS
431. EnterVol Geology – Creating full 3D, volumetric models of
geology direct from collected data integrating lithology data with
surfaces. (EnterVol
Geology)
432. Subsurface Mapping – Mapping the subsurface through well-log
data by drillers with standard lithological terms and classification
system
433. Landform Classification – Classifying landforms with
qualitative analysis of the surface like summits, passes,
convex/concave break lines, crests and more with gvSIG geomorphology
tools.
434. Geologic Structure – Using photogrammetry in inaccessible
regions in 2D and 3D cross-sections for geologic structure mapping.
(Hexagon Geospatial
Photogrammetry)
26地质统计学¶
435. Spatial Autocorrelation – Testing whether the observed value
of a variable at one locality is independent of the values of the
variable at neighboring localities. (GeoDa Spatial
Autocorrelation)
436. Data Mining – Automating the search for hidden patterns in
large databases
437. Spatial Regression – Building spatial regression to models
for estimating the relationship between spatial variables. (GeoDa
Spatial Regression)
438. Zonal Statistics – Summing, averaging or finding the range,
minimum or maximum in a given range.
439. Hexagon Tesselation – Defining sampling locations, helping to
ensure that all regions within the study area are represented by the
sampling results. (Hexagon
Tesselation)
440. First Law of Geography – Using Tobbler’s First Law of
Geography in analysis- “Everything is related to everything else, but
near things are more related than distant things.”
441. Semi-variogram – Graphing the variance in measure with
distance between sampled paired locations.
442. Space-Time Cube – Binning data (netCDF) into a cube input and
running statistics, trends and hot spot analyses over time. (ArcGIS
Space-Time
Cube)
443. Map-ematics – Making math operations in maps like adding,
subtracting, multiplying, dividing, exponentiation, root, log, cosine
and differentiation (Map-ematics – Joseph
Berry)
444. Kriging – Interpolating unknown measurements using kriging
and other techniques.
445. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) – Combining input layers
and a table with a number of factors comparing their comparative
weights to calculate a new layer as a linear combination of the input
layers.
446. Ordered Weighted Average (OWA) – Calculating the weighted
average of a group of layers based on the order of values. (OWA –
gvSIG)
447. Fishnet – Creating a fishnet to correlate coefficient between
boating accidents and dams using a fishnet.
448. Geospatial Modelling Environment – Leveraging open source
software R as the statistical engine to drive powerful analysis tools
in ArcGIS.
449. Principal Components Analysis – Reducing dimensions with
Principal Components Analysis. (Principal Component
Analysis)
450. Data Visualization in R – Writing each line of code to
programmatically create maps (R Data Visualization – Robin
Lovelace)
451. Fuzzy Logic – Applying fuzzy logic with degrees of truth
because often do not have clearly defined boundaries.
452. Pivot Tables – Generate dynamic pivot tables in QGIS. (QGIS
Group Stats Plugin)
453. Monte Carlo Simulation – Modeling spatial phenomena in with
simulation models.
454. Minkowski Generalization – Determining how complicated object
are with Minkowski fractal dimension (Minkowski–Bouligand dimension
QGIS plugin)
455. Map Algebra – Applying local, focal and zonal functions
techniques. (“GIS and Cartographic Modeling” by Dana Tomlin)
27地下水GIS应用¶
456. Darcy Flow – Examining the movement of groundwater flow
through coarse materials like sand.
457. MODFLOW – Modelling groundwater demand and predicting impact
of groundwater demand in basins. (Aquaveo Water
Modeling)
458. Groundwater Availability – Analyzing land use practices with
water availability and quality.
459. Aquifer Recharge – Measuring permeability recharge and
quantifying growth over time.
460. Groundwater Plume – Delineating groundwater contamination and
its change.
461. Hydrostratigraphy – Identifying mappable units on the basis
of aquifer hydraulic properties.
462. DRASTIC – Evaluating the vulnerability of pollution of
groundwater resources based on hydrogeological parameters.
463. 3D Borehole – Symbolizing sub-surface data like bore holes
magnitude with inverted depths.
464. Groundwater Volume – Determining to drill a new well by
examining existing groundwater and surface water.
465. Stratigraphy – Plotting boreholes, cross section and well
logs. (Golden Software
Strata)
466. Contamination – Evaluating the risk of impact for the
construction and situating industrial plants, landfills, agricultural
activities and other potential groundwater contamination sources
467. Porous Puff – Calculating mass per volume of a solute at a
discrete point into a vertically mixed aquifer with the ArcGIS
Groundwater Tools.
468. Shallow Slope Stability (SHALSTAB) – Computing grid cells
that are critical shallow groundwater recharge values.
28个健康映射应用程序¶
469. HealthMap – Delivering real-time, global disease monitoring
(HealthMap)
470. Centre for Disease Control (CDC) – Serving county-level maps
of heart disease and stroke by race/ethnicity, gender, and age group,
along with maps of social and economic factors and health services for
the entire United States or for a chosen state or territory.
(Interactive Atlas of Heart and
Stroke)
471。 白血病研究 –研究靠近传输线的白血病簇。
472. John Snow – Forging a whole new field of study (epidemiology)
by studying the spatial distribution of cholera cases and identifying
the source of the outbreak as the public water pump on Broad Street.
473. Ebola – Mapping the change of confirmed and probable cases of
Ebola over time. (World Health
Organization)
474. Distance to Health Care – Finding the closest doctor is a
spatial problem
475. Vital Records – Recording of events, such as births and
deaths that are maintained by public health agencies.
476. Lead Concentrations – Correlating how children with lead
poisoning were found to be closer to an old lead refinery.
477. Cluster Analysis – Identifying built environmental patterns
using cluster analysis and GIS: relationships with walking, cycling
and body mass index. (Cluster
Analysis)
478。 欧氏距离 –在禽流感爆发期间找到与处理地点的距离。
479. Disease Surveillance – Monitoring West Nile Virus with GIS on
handheld devices.
480. Asthma – Connecting the dots of asthma and air pollution.
481. Epidemiology – Tracking disease and epidemiological
information in a spatial database. (CDC
Epi-Info)
482. UV Exposure – Exposing the risks of harmful UV rays with
birth rates.
483. Mobile Flu Shots – Determining an optimal site location for
mobile flu shot vehicles to service where demand is needed most with
location-allocation.
484. Geomedicine –Tracking patient’s location history to determine
if environmental and industrial hazards put them at risk for certain
types of diseases
485. Madrid’s Air – Visualization Madrid´s air (gases, particles,
pollen, diseases, etc) with the aim to make visible the microscopic
and invisible agents. (Madrid’s Air Map)
486. Ambulance Response – Responding to emergencies faster with
the quickest geographic route.
487. Infant Mortality – Track child immunizations with mortality
rates.
488. Food Trust – Overlapping factors like poverty and obesity,
fresh supermarkets, diet-related disease – space to target for
policy-makers
489. Public Health Informatics – Ensuring patients get the care
they need with public health care informatics.
490. Walgreens Prescription Mapping – Mapping and analyzing
influenza based on the prescriptions customers are making to respond
to the need of users more efficiently. (Walgreens Weekly Flu Index
Webmap)
491. Disease Spread Patterns – Plotting ellipses for a disease
outbreak over time to model its spread.
492. Walkability – Piecing together walkable neighborhoods with
health diseases like heart disease, hypertension, obesity and even
breast cancer.
493. Anti-Smoking Campaigns – Targeting Anti-smoking campaigns
where it’s needed most and most visible to target audience.
494. Cancer Research – Researching cancer from the sky with the
Landsat satellite. (Landsat Cancer
Research)
495. Mosquitoes-borne Illness – Identifying areas with high
indices of mosquito infestation and interpreting the spatial
relationship of these areas with potential larval development sites
such as garbage piles and large pools of standing water.
496. HIV AIDS Database – Making the distribution of HIV/AIDS to
manage treatment.
497. Tele-medicine – Quantifying populations and health care
availability when distance separates patients and health care
providers.
29历史GIS应用¶
498. Shipwrecks – Documenting the remains of shipwrecks, aircraft,
hulks, lost anchors and any other objects on the seabed through the
SHIPS Project. (SHIPS Project – Shipwrecks
Mapping)
499. American Museum of Natural History – Apply biodiversity
information to collect, organize and analyze biological and
environmental data with the aim to provide new insights in
conservation, ecology and evolution.
500. Topoview Slider Publishing maps with a slider style map to
see how an area looked before development and how it changes over
time. (USGS Topoview)
501. Micronesian Navigational Chart – Navigating by canoe using
stick charts as ocean swell patterns.
502. Historical Photos – Geo-locating historical photos in
augmented reality. (WhatWasThere
application)
503. Babylonians – Etching the lay of the land on clay.
504. Old Weather – Tracking past ship movements and telling the
stories of the people on board by studying weather patterns. (Old
Weather)
505. Pilgrimages – Setting foot on a pilgrimage and mapping the
distances traveled.
506. Boundary Changes – Carving out how boundaries change in time
such as after World War II.
507. Spy Glass – Time-travelling back to 1836 in New York powered
by Esri. (Smithsonian
Institution)
508. Industrial Revolution Radioactivity – Putting radioactivity
on the map since the industrial revolution.
509. 3D Historical Fly-through – Soaring through historical
imagery with ArcScene.
510. Smoke Signals – Using viewsheds to put yourself in Native
Americans shoes when smoke signals were used.
511. Ancestry – Surveying through ancestry with geophylogeny – the
evolution and geographic spread of common ancestry and geographic
connectedness.
512. ArcGIS Online Historical Maps – Exploring the old USGS
historic maps. (USGS Historic
Maps)
513. Manhattan Immigration Patterns – Showing how immigrants in
Manhattan varied not only through space, but also time. (Past Time,
Past Place: GIS For History)
514. Aztec vs Mexican Last Names – Aligning current place-names to
historical place-names to understand the ancient geography of Aztec
culture. (Aztec and Mexican Last
Names)
515. Witchcraft Accusers – Gathering the geographic location of
the accusers and accused during the Salem witch trials to show
inter-family feuds were a strong case for the trials instead of
hysteria among young girls.
516. Cultural Preservation – Preserving historic properties whose
documentation must still be located and entered into this GIS.
517. Pangea – Drawing the different stages of the continental
evolution from Pangea to the Earth we see today.
518. Napolean’s March to Moscow in 3D – Visualizing troop
movement, cities, basemaps, temperature in time slices using Esri’s
CityEngine Napolean’s March to Moscow. (Napolean March in
3D)
519. Georeferencing Historical Imagery – Straightening historical
imagery using georeferencing.
520. Human Activity Patterns – Engraving activity on maps showing
human movement patterns with time-enabled GIS.
521. Land Bridges – Agreeing on an acceptable term for “land
bridge” – which was an area available due to the water tied up in ice
sheets.
522. Lewis and Clark – Charting out the Lewis and Clark
expedition.
30水文GIS应用¶
523. Braided Rivers – Managing braided rivers with their complex
geometry and state in flux.
524. Sedimentation Rate – Characterizing erosion and sedimentation
with the Sediment Transport Index.
525. Catchment Areas – Delineating watershed catchment areas,
where rainfall flows into a river. (Mapping Watersheds in Whitebox
GAT)
526. Topographic Wetness Index – Combining slope and upstream area
to give you relative measure of wetness as the first places where the
ground saturates, begins to pool, and generates runoff.
527. Flow Direction – Coding the direction of flow with eight
valid directions. (Flo 2D)
528. Flow Estimator – Estimating flow rates with a series of
spatially-located gauging stations.
529. Height Above River – Generating predictive surfaces for plant
species distribution modeling using high resolution DEM data. (LiDAR
Height Above
River)
530. Sinuosity – Measuring the degree of channelization and
meandering for a given watercourse.
531. Stream Feature Extractor – Extracting stream features (wells,
sinks, confluences etc.) from a stream network. (Stream Feature
Extractor QGIS
Plugin)
532. Hydrologic Volume – Measuring volumes for the Hydrologic
Budget Equation and amount of precipitation in a given watershed.
533. HEC-HMS – Simulating the complete hydrologic processes of
dendritic watershed systems with the HEC-HMS GIS-based methodology.
534. Flow Accumulation – Answering the question “where did water
come from” by picking a point (a single cell in the DEM) and tracing
backwards showing all the contributing cells.
(TauDEM)
535. Scalgo – Understanding Earth’s hydrology as a function of
topography using the SRTM DEM.
(SCALGO)
536. GHydraulics – Analyzing water supply networks using EPANET.
(Ghydraulics QGIS
Plugin)
537. Aqueduct – Mining, Modeling and analyzing water risk with the
current and future stresses. (Aqueduct
Atlas)
538. Contour Lines – Delineating contour lines because floods
follow contour lines.
539. Flood Extents – Digitizing flood extents worth satellite data
like synthetic aperture radar.
540. BASINS (Better Assessment Science Integrating point & Non-point
Source) – Running water quality assessments with land use, point
source discharges, and water supply withdrawals.
541. Crayfish QGIS Plugin – Animating flood model outputs and
flood propagation.
(TUFLOW)
542. ArcHydro – Operating ArcHydro in ArcMap to delineate and
characterize watersheds.
543。 排水渠建造商 –在DEM中切割简单的梯形通道并计算切割体积。 (Drainage Channel Builder QGIS Plugin)
544. HEC-RAS Flow Model – Predicting where the water will go
(flooding) to prevent inundated roads and inaccessibility. (RiverGIS
QGIS Plugin)
545. Horton Statistics – Calculating the number of streams, the
average stream length, the average area of catchments for Strahler
stream orders
(ILWIS)
546. Flow Stations – Marking flow stations on a map.
547. Water Shortage – Modelling water shortage California
548. Upstream/Downstream – Finding the origin of water from a
specific point. (Hydro
Hierarchy)
549. MIKE21 – Simulating physical, chemical or biological
processes in coastal or marine areas.
(MIKE21)
550. Oxbows – Mapping the evolving process of how rivers change in
time and become oxbows
31人道主义GIS应用¶
551. Election Violence – Reporting issues like outbreaks of
violence, intimidation, or vote fraud during Tanzania’s election.
(Restless Development –
What3Words)
552. Ushahidi Haiti Project – Plotting out crisis reports during
the Haiti earthquake for humanitarian/tech workers aid with
crowdsourcing. (Ushahidi Haiti
Project)
553. Humanitarian OpenStreetMap – Responding to humanitarian
issues and economic development through open data sharing.
(Humanitarian OpenStreetMap)
554. Community Engagement – Harnessing human potential by
leveraging open data and civic technology. (Kathmandu’s Living
Labs)
555. Kibera Slum – Mapping sites of rape and crime by the people
themselves to solve where a police station should be located (and
more). (Kibera Slum)
556. Crisis Mapping – Using drones to aid Nepalese in a time of
crisis.
557. Food Security – Delivering assistance with expected outputs
to those in need most.
558. Humanitarian Assistance – Plotting the spatial distribution
of humanitarian assistance for planning purposes.
559. Food Insecurity Drivers – Pinpointing the underlying drivers
to food insecurity such as farming practices, climate change and
changing demographics.
32保险GIS应用¶
560。 保险风险 –在洪水多发地区使用雷达收取更高的保险费
561. Monitoring Driving Habits – Fastening seat belts and
monitoring people’s usage to charge car insurance.
562. Insurance Fraud – Doing the detective work for fraudulent
crop insurance claims
563. Floodplain – Minimizing losses by flooding through FEMA flood
maps.
564. Real-time Hazard – Using location intelligence to Identify
areas of hazard in real-time.
565. Climate Change Risk – Adjusting to climate change with better
future risk prediction.
566. Social Media Integrating – Finding all Flickr posts within
100 meters of a property during incidents.
567. Sinkholes – Preventing risk by understanding landscape
characteristics – such as resulting depressions in a karst landscape.
568. Underwriting – Accelerating underwriting by sharing
enterprise geographic data with risk factors, customer interaction and
economic conditions.
569. Swimming Pools – Crowd sourcing the search for swimming pools
from sponsored campaigns who compile public and private sector data
for a variety of markets including education, public safety, and
insurance. (Mapping Swimming
Pools)
33互联网GIS应用¶
570. Geoblocking – Limiting your access to the internet, based on
your geographic location.
571. Hyperlinking – Embedding hyperlinks with access actual
photos, video, audio, text and data associated with map locations.
572. Mapzen Search – Searching geographically with a spatial
search engine for places based entirely on open-source tools and
powered by entirely open data. (Mapzen
Search)
573. Geosocial Tools – Searching twitter geographically for tweets
with the gvSIG Geosocial Toolbox.
574. GIS-Based Search Engine – Correlating products and services
to a GIS database record that corresponds to a unique geographic
location – to geographically target advertising over the Internet
(GIS-Based Search
Engine)
34土地利用规划¶
575. Urban Model Development Feasibility – Evaluating multiple
land use scenarios; testing and refining transportation plans;
producing small-area concept plans, and modeling complex regional
issues with Envision Tomorrow (Envision
Tomorrow)
576. Land-use Conflict Identification (LUCIS) Model – Making smart
land-use decisions with a model-builder framework land-use conflict
identification strategy. (Smart Land-Use Analysis: The LUCIS Model)
577. Beijing Building Footprints – Crowd-sourcing digital mapping
of Beijing building footprints. (Identifying Beijing
Building)
578. Food Deserts – Accessing grocery stores in low income areas
by incorporating information such as sidewalks, bicycle lanes, and
public transit.
579. Service Areas – Measuring how far paramedics and firefighters
can service an area.
580. Agent-Based Models – Exploring cities using Agent-Based
Models and GIS. (GIS Agents)
581. Cloud Computing-Based Land Base Mapping – Bringing land use
planning to the cloud for Smart Cities like the City of Portland.
(Cloud
Computing)
582. OpenStreetMap – Harnessing the power of the OpenStreetMap by
download the physical data for free (OSM
Download)
583. Landfill Site Selection – Analyzing and eliminating sites
within a buffer distance of sensitive populations (elderly, schools,
hospitals, etc) and other overlay information like groundwater,
transportation networks and surface water.
584. TerraClip – Clipping data like you’ve never clipped before –
extracting land cover, climate and agriculture data easily to the
extent of your chosen country.
(TerraClip)
585. Green Roofs – Greening roofs in metropolitan areas with a
focus on lighting and shadow analysis.
586. Stamen Maps – Orienting yourself with Stamen’s terrain maps
with hill shading and natural vegetation colors.
587. Cellular Automata – Stimulating urban growth expansion
simulation. (IDRISI Cellular
Automata)
588. Tax Parcel Viewer – Assembling tax parcels, zoning
information with color schemes on a web viewer.
589. Economic Viability – Making decisions of parcels of prime
agricultural land using Analytic Hierarchy Process.
590. Water Distribution – Tracking flow, pressure and chemical
concentrations for nodes, valves, pipes and tanks in a water
distribution modelling software.
(EPANET)
591. Commercial Space Availability – Checking zoning data for any
city such as commercial space availability.
592. Land Use Policy – Reproducing individual behavior with
agent-based modeling to simulate their behaviors and outcomes having a
direct impact of the surrounding landscape. (Agent-Based
Modeling)
593. City Heating – Addressing the GIS requirements of municipal
hot water heating networks in Tatuk GIS (Tatuk GIS- City
Heating)
594. Commuter Shed – Finding where the commuter sheds are.
595. Recycling Centres/Drop-offs – Allocating recycling drop-offs
centers with data integration and quantification and assigning
alternatives for vehicle routing.
596. Walkshed – Calculating walking times using Tobbler’s hiking
function based on slope (QGIS Walking Time Plugin) Walkshed Web GIS
597. 3D Viewshed – Showing what is visible with distance,
direction and pitch with viewable areas in green and hidden areas in
red. (3D Viewshed – Geomedia
3D)
598. Anaglyph 3D – Viewing anaglyph 3D images with the SAGA GIS
Anaglyph Tool.
599. Land Use Change – Summarizing statistics, graphs and tables
in spatial units
600. Tax Collection – Increasing tax revenue by updated land and
building property records, new construction records, and integrated
departmental data into a single cadastral information system using
Bentley Map.
601. COAST COastal Adaptation to Sea level Rise Tool – Adapting to
climate change decisions (building sea walls, proactive building
ordinance, levees, zoning change, relocation with COAST. (COAST –
Global Mapper)
602. Space Syntax Models – Gaining a better understanding of human
behavior and connectivity through graphic representation of space
configuration in urban structures.
603. Philadelphia Redevelopment – Developing urban planning
scenarios using a 3D swipe view. (Philadelphia
CityEngine)
604. Future Development Patterns – Locating future growth and
evaluating scenarios such as loss of prime agricultural land. (Tale
of Two
Cities)
605. Land Use – Generating polygons and classification with the
multi-resolution segmentation algorithm. (Trimble
ECognition)
606. Building Constraints – Prohibiting construction where the
overall stability of a bluff using aspect to understand how-
south-facing slopes undergo more extensive freeze/thaw cycles.
35邮件服务GIS应用¶
607. National Addressing – Delivering parcels to a specific
address, all speed in a single national database.
608. Natural Area Coding System – Unifying the representations of
geographic coordinates, area codes, street addresses, postal codes,
map grids and property identifiers of every location or area in the
world.
609. Shared Mailboxes – Spreading mailboxes out to address demand
and existing population with algorithms like location-allocation.
610. Amazon Mail Delivery Drone – Shipping parcels in style using
drone technology.
611. Non-Address Delivery – Generating addresses for businesses
and people without one using a 3×3 meter global grid system.
(Delivery
ECommerce)
612. Zip Code Maps – Splicing the nation with geo-located
zip/postal codes and Mapping them out.
613. Daily Routing Efficiency – Balancing postal routes based on
time and optimizing routes, number of routes or volume with sequenced
stops. (ArcGIS RouteSmart)
614. FedEx Package Tracking – Meeting timelines and managing
routes for special types of deliveries.
36媒体GIS应用¶
615. Targeting Advertising – Positioning advertisements for target
demographics using census data and the right location.
616. Communicating Stories – Storytelling in news events with maps
such as oil spills, crime scenes and weather damage.
617. Social Media Mapping – Monitoring social media by location.
618. Movie Maps – Creating ultra-realistic 3D cities for big box
office movies. (Esri Goes to
Hollywood)
619. Bigfoot Field Researchers Network – Finding Bigfoot in a
spatial sightings database. (Bigfoot
Research)
37市政/城市GIS应用¶
620. Potholes – Reporting potholes or automatically detecting them
with LiDAR for infrastructure management.
621. Asset Management – Reporting infrastructure defects with
photos and geo-locations. (City of Portland PDX Reporter
App)
622. Smart Cities – Integrating urban development visions with GIS
such as smart urban planning, smart utilities, smart transportation,
smart public works and citizen engagement.
623. London in Maps – Charting life in London, England like never
before with 100 maps and graphics. r
624. 3D Printing Oslo – Printing off 3D models of the City of Oslo
with data preparation in FME. (3D Printing of
Oslo)
625. Water Main Breaks – Knowing exactly where water lines and
shut-off valves are located, prior to work.
626. Lightscape – Lighting up bridges picking out the illuminated
details and obscured areas.
627. Curb Cuts – Finding curb cuts that give access to people with
disabilities
628. Utility Poles – Inventorying utility poles with important
attributes like overhead/underground, number of lines and date of
construction.
629. Waste Collection – Defining areas of waste collection,
finding suitable rounds of service when given a waste or transfer
station. (Waste Collection –
uDig)
630. Fire Hydrants – Locating hydrants in a municipality marking
its general condition, date for greasing the caps and exercising the
valve.
631. Spatial Data Infrastructure – Connecting multiple users in
separate departments for managing data, metadata, users and tools.
632. Insect Control – Spraying pesticides to eliminate mosquitoes
and other pests with knowing no-spray zones and status of previous
spray.
633. Homeless Shelters – Analyzing urban inequalities and
homelessness with the aim of allocating homeless shelters
appropriately.
634. CityScan – Managing city assets (road conditions, utilities,
billboards and sign inventories) with mobile LiDAR to inventory and
ensure safety standards.
635. Sewer Network – Design sewer systems and their networks with
right-of-way considerations and using the flow by gravity.
636. Advisories – Alerting citizens for boil water advisories by
taking an area on a map, and connecting to a central database of phone
numbers and automated message alerts.
637. Street Cleaning – Plowing geographic zones of a city.
638. Speed Limits – Defining speed limits in a road network with
proper signage.
639. Road Closures – Advising citizens of road closures visually
on a map.
640. Emergency Water Supply – Preparing emergency water supply
when contaminated. (Ordnance Survey –
Geomedia)
641. Cemetery Mapping – Implemented a system to map cemeteries
using unmanned aerial vehicles UAVs) and storing graves in a spatial
database.
642. Open Information – Reducing need of telephone operators by
having data displayed in a map.
643. Participatory GIS – Gearing towards decision-making from
citizen input and geo-spatial technologies.
644. Land for Development – Finding available serviced and
unserviced land available for development.
645. Toponymy – Giving each place, park, river and feature of
interest a name.
646. Lift Stations – Move the flow from a lower to a higher
elevation for sewer utility.
647. Stormwater Pollution – Measuring stormwater pollution by
estimating runoff and sources
648. Seismic Slope Stability – Modelling stability of slopes using
geology and digital elevation models to understand potential of
seismically-induced landslide hazards.
649. Water Wells – Developing constraints for water wells such as
quality, quantity, stressed aquifers and contamination for drinking.
650. Real-time Snow Plows – Seeing the grid of snow plows in
real-time in a municipal network and GPS.
651. Solid Waste – Picking up after ourselves with geo-referenced
garbage collection routes.
38采矿GIS应用¶
652. Subsurface Volume Calculation – Calculating depth values to
determine the volume of material between the surfaces or between a
subsurface layer and the ground level with Global Mapper.
653. Quarries – Capturing volumes of fill removal and forecasting
future volumes extracted to understand quarry lifespans.
654. Kriging – Using statistical approaches for mining valuation
with the geostatistical technique kriging from Daniel Krige.
655. Natural Resources – Mapping out natural resources like
uranium, metals, stones and gemstones. (United States Natural
Industrial Resources
Map)
656. Mining Operations – Track mining assets in the field with
mobile GIS.
657. Coal Exploration – Identifying new opportunities and areas
for coal exploration by assessing geological data and setting out
exploration targets. (Coal Exploration in
GIS)
658. Mine Rehabilitation – Restoring mines back to their original
state using GIS tools like 3D profiling flooding of mine because
almost all working mines require pumps to remove water.
659. Hazards Assessments – Characterizing infrastructure, risk
areas, and disaster zones, planning and implementation of hazards
reductions measures to assist planners in selecting mitigation
measures and emergency preparedness.
660. Hyperspectral Imagery – Discovering new minerals from the
existing 4000 types of compositions using airborne and satellite data.
(AVIRIS and AISA Hyperspectral)
661. Mineral Titles – Administering mining titles for exploration
and acquisition available in web map.
662. Diamonds – Searching for diamonds in Nairobi in fluvial
diamond placer deposits.
663. Acid Runoff – Controlling acid waste runoff from mines by
capturing terrain topography, mine age and type and stream proximity.
39航海GIS应用¶
664. Anchor Search – Searching for a lost anchor in a restricted
area with electrical cables and gas pipelines using sonar and
bathymetry. (Anchor Search – Golden Software
Surfer)
665. Open Sea Map – Sailing the big blue watery road with Open Sea
Map.
666. Christopher Columbus – Tracing Christopher Columbus footsteps
on his voyages and discovery America.
667. Shipping Routes – Stitching together shipping routes using
the Satellite-based Automatic Identification Systems.
668. International Waters – Aligning the boundaries of
international waters in a georeferenced system.
669. Submarine Routes – Routing twenty thousand leagues under the
sea for submarine routes using 3D modelling.
670. Live Marine Traffic – Turning your computer into a marine
traffic monitoring station giving perspective of nearby ships on the
ocean. (Live Marine Traffic)
671. Trajectories and Magnitude – Using vectors (U and V) to
depict nautical wind speed and direction.
672. Global Trading Ports – Climbing buoys as if you’re at giant
marine trading ports – the arteries of our global economy. (Global
Trading Ports)
673. Nautical Charts – Plotting out seamless, collarless, and
dynamic mosaic of some 2,100 NOAA raster nautical charts at varying
scales. (NOAA Nautical Charts
Viewer)
40海洋/海洋GIS应用¶
674. Pacific Ocean – Opening Google Earth and realizing how the
Pacific Ocean covers one side of the Earth in a global view.
675. Underwater Grasses – Diving into the ocean with satellite
imagery and delineating their extents.
676. Coastal Hazards – Minimizing loss by identifying potential
hazards such as algal blooms, eutrophication and tsunamis (Coastal
Hazards)
677. Ocean Use Planning – Outlining sustainable oceans through
careful planning of ocean activity such as energy production, fishing
and shipping. (Planning Ocean Uses – Cindy
Fowler)
678. Marine Pollution – Pinpointing the source of marine
pollutants such as industrial, agricultural and residential waste.
679. Algae Blooms – Monitoring algal blooms through multiple
images over time. (Algae
Blooms)
680. Wave Reduction – Curtailing wave energy by mapping and
building up coral reefs and other coastal habitats as a nature-based
solution.
681. Deepsea Dawn Wright – Understanding the relationship and
patterns of how oceans affect dry land and more. (Ocean Solutions,
Earth Solutions)
682. Marine Tools Plugin – Geoprocessing with marine data to
better understand research, conservation and spatial planning
problems. (MGET)
683. Whale Tracker – Studying the movement and migration patterns
of whales around the Hawaiian Islands. (Whale
Tracker)
684. Underwater Street View – Submarining as if you’re underwater
in Google Earth’s underwater street view.
685. Build-Out Design – Developing and designing a build-out
project in Grenada.
686. Bathymetry – Exploring ocean bathymetry in an exaggerated 3D
global perspective. (Ocean
Bathymetry)
687. Rising Sea Levels – Identifying areas of risk as sea levels
gradually rise from climate change. (National
Geographic)
688. Aquaculture – Farming fish in a sustainable manner by
understanding where inland fisheries are located.
(GISFish)
689. Coastal Management – Adapting to climate change through
better flood and erosion defense.
690. Coral Reef Conservation – Understanding the present state of
coral reefs through mapping to better understand future deterioration.
691. Energy Budgets – Simulating Earth’s energy budgets for
anthropogenic and natural changes with anomalies of surface
temperature and sea-level pressure. (Energy
Budgets)
692. Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS)
– Combining water columns, geoform, substrate and biotic components
that are collectively used to define marine ecosystems. (CMECS)
693. Wave Heights – Replicating ocean waves by factoring size,
choppiness and wind. (Wave Heights)
694. Sea the Animals – Tracking turtles, seals, porpoises and
turtles in time-animated webmaps. (CartoDB Sea the
Animals)
695. Marine Bioregional Plans – Protecting the marine resources by
dividing the coasts of Australia in four geographical pieces.
696. General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) – Charting
out elevation paths along the ocean with GEBCO.
(GEBCO)
697. Ocean Salinity – Measuring sea surface salinity from space
with Aquarius. (Ocean Salinity)
698. National Marine Sanctuaries – Designating 12 areas of the
marine environment as special significance to better understand marine
ecosystems and their spatial, temporal, and functional relationships
among creatures, environments, and human perturbations. (National
Marine Sanctuaries)
699. Ocean Tourism – Getting out your towels and soaking some sun
with tourist maps of the ocean.
700. Coastline Fractals – Modelling complex natural shapes along
coastline’s fractal-like (jagged recurring pattern) properties.
41石油、天然气和石油GIS应用¶
701. Directional Drilling – Logging depth, inclination and azimuth
(dependent on true and magnetic north) for directional drilling.
702. Active Licenses – Exploring active, operations and
exploration wells all locations on a map.
703. Oil Exploration – Planning and exploring of drilling
operations using 3D GIS to analyse the data and visually inspect the
results.
704. Offshore Production – Mapping oil activity offshore including
pipeline, significant oil and gas discoveries and restricted zones.
705. Pipeline Rupture – Responding to pipeline ruptures to better
understand surrounds and impact zones such as privately-owned parcels
and critical fume areas.
706. Oil Search – Magnifying the search for resources and extend
beyond the core elements (Oil Search – Boundless)
707. Pipeline Route Selection – Optimizing route selection by
taking a heuristic approach and multiple layers such as the
environment, geo-hazards and engineering.
708. Geomagnetic Referencing – Using the Earth’s magnetic field
obtained by the USGS to more accurately drill direction and position.
(Geomagnetic
Referencing)
709. Oil Reserves – Measuring how much shadow is being casted of a
floating roof’s oil tanks using geometry and high spatial resolution
imagery.
710. Undersea Environmental Impacts – Assessing potential impacts
of the undersea environment as oil and gas activity increases.
711. Oil Reserves Map – Laying out the top 20 oil producing
countries, with reserves in billions of barrels of oil.
(Manifold)
712. Environmental Impact Assessment – Gauging multiple layer
including existing infrastructure, river crossings, soils and
vegetation, groundwater and elevation/ slope to determine pipeline
impact.
713. gvSIG Viewport – Panning along a linear pipeline corridor in
3D with an overview viewport to know location in public consultation.
714. Pipeline Infrastructure – Surveying footprints and
inventorying pipeline infrastructure like pump stations, tank
terminals and pipelines.
715. Gulf Basin Depositional Synthesis – Providing context for
exploration in the Gulf of Mexico and reducing overall risk oil and
gas companies by understanding the depositional history of drill.
42公园GIS应用¶
716. Trail Planning – Valuing cells to pave out a path that
accumulates the least ‘cost’ from a source to a destination.
717. GPS Tracking – Applying tracking technologies on humans in an
effort to understand how their movements affect ecosystems in national
parks.
718. Fuzzy Logic – Identifying suitable locations for the
construction of parks with relevant experts to determine significance
and weighted of criteria.
719. Biodiversity – Managing biodiversity in parks with smart
phones.
720. Noise Map – Mapping sound levels in parks to show how
visitors and wildlife interact with each other and park resources
(Noise Map – National Park
Service)
43政治/政府GIS应用¶
721. Redistricting – Encouraging citizen involvement through
web-based applications for the redistricting process (Redistricting
QGIS Plugin)
722. Voting Patterns – Reviewing how electoral districts voted at
the polls.
723. Bosnia-Herzegovina – Dividing a road to peace of the former
Yugoslavia at the valley bottom using terrain data to support
diplomatic negotiation. (Geospatial Revolution Episode
3)
724. Stewardship of Land – Supporting Native American
decision-making through GIS implementation. (Tribal GIS Book – Joseph
Kerski)
725. Gerrymandering – Manipulating the geographic boundaries of an
electoral constituency to favor one party.
726. Open Data – Opening up government (tax-payer) data through
geospatial open data portals and data sharing strategies.
727. Enabling Governments – Saving money by investing in GIS-based
system for decision making.
728. Parcel Fabric – Editing zoning, dissemination areas and land
designation boundaries.
729. Breakaway/Disputed Areas – Delineating international and
maritime boundary dispute areas from Kashmir to the Elemi Triangle,
Northern Cyprus to Western Sahara (Natural Earth
Data)
730. Tax Evaders – Catching tax evaders by recognizing areas of
wealth such as swimming pools.
731. Dissolving Political Boundaries – Grouping separated
countries into one like West and East Germany as well as North and
South Vietnam.
732. International Joint Commission – Solving international
watershed issues through international collaboration. (Transboundary
Watersheds)
733. National Geospatial Data Asset Management – Managing
geospatial data as a capital asset for effective sharing,
collaboration to support efficient and effective decision-making.
(FGDC National Geospatial Data Asset Management
Plan)
734. Border Safety – Increasing safety at international borders
often stretching miles.
44房地产GIS应用¶
735. Buffer Zone Search – Buffering a search area for a query when
house hunting.
736. Market Analysis – Expanding businesses through customer
profiling, estimating sales potential and finding available lots.
737. Home Evaluation – Getting a big picture to understand home
value including proximity to schools or panoramic view.
738. Parcel Dimensioning – Analyzing a property parcel shape to
determine the area and dimensions of each identified parcel.
739. Viewshed – Prospecting viewsheds through observation points
remotely when setting property prices.
740. Property Appraisals – Supporting accurate property appraisals
741. Foreclosures – Scoping out the effects of recessions on real
estate markets by mapping out foreclosures by neighborhood.
742. Geocoded Real Estate – Fetching geocoded real estate in
Germany through a JSON and R. (Geocoded Real
Estate)
743. Housing with Mortgages – Charting out occupied houses that
have a mortgage or loan. (Housing with Mortgages)
744. Wendy’s Restaurant – Prospecting optimal locations for a
Wendy’s restaurants. (Real Estate
Prospecting)
745. Domino’s Pizza – Streamlining the planning of Domino
franchise territories (Domino Pizza – Pitney
Bowes)
746. Retail Site Selection – Inspecting space usage for available
commercial space.
747. Comparative Real Estate Analysis – Comparing value per square
meter in map-form to see how much the price is for similar properties
on the block. (Real Estate
Comparative)
748. Wind Farm Noise – Assessing the population and number of
affected buildings affected by the noise of a wind farm.
749. High Rise Valuation – Characterizing commercial real estate
by its unique age, size, location, and proximity to ensure that the
property values are consistent between an assessed value and the sales
price with Geomedia 3D visualization.
750. Construction – Considering slopes for construction and
livability as 15 degrees or less are considered buildable.
751. Home Sharing – Scoping out shared homes and surroundings.
752. Real Estate Metrics – Choosing the right house to buy or
build based on distance to schools, parks, transit stops and other
geospatial metrics.
753. Google Cardboard – Visiting properties in Google Cardboard’s
virtual reality experience.
754. Walkability – Understanding health factors like active
transportation, bike paths and walking paths in a neighborhood.
45报告/新闻GIS应用¶
755. Hurricane Andrew – Comparing geographically which homes fared
better from Hurricane Andrew’s destruction because of changes in
building code from Steve Doig’s piece that earned him a Pulitzer
Prize.
756. North Korea – Mapping how far North Korea’s missile
projectiles threaten other nations – previously a buffer – now
corrected. (North Korea Missile
Extent)
757. GeoJournalism – Assisting journalisms dive into a world of
data visualization using geographic data.
(GeoJournalism)
758. Geotagged Tweets – Spreading the word to make world headlines
from local Missouri and eventually the whole world. (CartoDB Geotagged
Tweets)
759. Mapping Conflict – Putting any crisis, destruction or terror
attack on the map.
760. Google News Lab – Storytelling around the globe with Google
Maps and Fusion Tables (Google News
Lab)
761. Super GIS – Estimating the number of protestors at a Hong
Kong rally by obtaining the average density of the crowd and
estimating the number of protesters through aerial photo
interpretation. (Protestor Estimate – Super GIS)
762. Highway Accidents – Reporting the location of highway
accidents on a map
763. Demographics Research – Delving into census information for a
deep research news story
764. Ballot Counts – Depicting the spatial Distribution of states,
districts, and parties that won an election
765. The Financial Times – Utilizing tools like Mapbox to create
elegant basemaps with all the right details. (Financial Times –
Mapbox Studio
Classic)
46社会应用-建筑与环境¶
766. Thematic Mapping – Thematic mapping poverty with
equal-intervals, quantiles, natural breaks and unique schemes.
(“Making Maps Third Edition by John Krygier”)
767. Socio-Economic Data and Application Center (SEDAC) – Serving
socioeconomic and Earth science data as an information gateway between
the Earth and social sciences focuses on human interactions in the
environment.
(SEDAC)
768, 世界语言 –通过社交媒体和微博平台绘制世界语言地图。 (World Languages）
769. Poverty – Sizing up poverty with the FAO GeoNetwork
socio-economic indicators. (FAO
GeoNetwork)
770. Hunting Zones – Tracing out hunting zones for cultures around
the world.
771. Citizen Engagement – Empowering populations who have little
voice in the public arena to change geographic involvement and
awareness on a local level. (Ushahidi Public Participation Geographic
Information Systems (PPGIS))
772. Needs of Services – Allocating the proper needs and inclusion
of marginalized populations.
773. Census – Utilizing decennial TIGER data to support and
improve selected demographic and economic studies.
774. World Religions – Mapping the intricate details of religions
internationally.
775. Space-time GIS – Comparing scientific practice in the US and
in China (Space-Time GIS – Michael F.
Goodchild)
776. Center of Population – Centering in on population drift
watching its shift in dasymetric mapping. (Population Drift – Joseph
Kerski)
777. Earthworks – Downloading data from Stanford including labor
supply, sex ratio and society data.
(Earthworks)
778. Gender Inequality – Showing the history of how women are
working in the GIS field.
779. Demography – Projecting populations worldwide with a dot
density style map.
780. Chart Symbology – Taking advantage of pie charts, line graphs
and bar charts to display socio-economic data by area.
781. Indigenous People – Keeping record of traditional land use of
indigenous people.
782. Public Transportation Availability – Reviewing public transit
availability in societies.
783. Population Disaggregation – Estimating per-building
population through disaggregation of census blocks
784. Distance Decay – Observing distance-decay between locations
of ethnic groups- the further apart they are, the less likely it is
that they will interact very much.
785. Refugee Camps – Capturing the movement patterns of refugees
through time. (Refugee
Patterns)
786. Traditional Knowledge – Preserving cultural beliefs and its
associated location in a spatial database.
787. Tapestry Segmentation – Dividing U.S. residential areas into
67 distinctive segments based on their socioeconomic and demographic
composition—then further classifies the segments into LifeMode and
Urbanization Groups. (Tapestry
Segmentation)
788. Migrant Rescue – Improving Humane operations and rescuing
migrants through the deployment of emergency water stations on routes
known to be used by migrants coming north through our desert.
(Migrant Rescue)
789. Prism Maps – Drawing each boundary object as a raised prism,
where the height of the prism is relative to the associated data
value. (Golden Software Map
Viewer)
790. Group Decision Making – Mediating interests and getting
valued-concerns in community and society through PGIS.
791. Maori Tribe – Recording, organizing, and making available
information of traditional values from Maori elders. (Maori Tribe
Elders)
792. Human Mobility – Measuring of human mobility using mobile
phone records enhanced with GIS data.
793. Graffiti – Studying clusters of graffiti with other factors
such as proximity to city constructs such as crossing guards, phone
boxes and electricity boxes.
794. Storytelling with Maps – Harnessing the power of story maps
such as understanding the gap between minimum wage and high income
earners. (Income Earning in Maps)
795. Illiteracy in Myanmar – Building literacy in Myanmar and
evaluating literacy programs in a GIS database with indicators such as
budgeted funds, dropout levels and available training.
796. Gender Studies – Exploring how transportation infrastructure
support mobility access to basic services vital to achieving poverty
reduction, gender equality, and sustainable development objectives in
Ghana.
797. Child Abuse – Allocating family service facilities to sites
where child abuse is more prevalent.
47土壤GIS应用¶
798. Soil Types – Modelling soil types through Jenny’s model
involving climate, organisms, topography, material and time.
799. Soil Grid – Helping agriculture decision-making with ISRIC’s
1km scale soil property and class maps of the world.
(SoilsGrid)
800. Texture Classification – Digging up the dirt on soil texture
through the USDA soil texture classification
801. Soil Moisture – Estimating soil moisture from space with the
SMAP and SMOS satellites
802. Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO) – Making sense of
soil parameters like conductivity in the United States. (USDA SSURGO
Database)
803. Water Retention Capacity – Determining water retention
capacity for different type of soils and topographic characteristics.
804. Erosion Reduction Strategy – Identifying erosion hot spots
through topography, soil and land-use characteristics. (Erosion and
Sediment Control)
805. Slope Parameters – Developing slope profiles such as convex
and concave using 3D profile graphs.
806. Soil Loss Equation – Measuring the average annual soil loss
caused by rainfall and associated overland flow as defined by the
United States Department of Agriculture.
807. Lead Concentration in Soils – Collecting soil samples and
mapping the lead geochemical landscape. (Mapping Lead
Concentrations)
808. LS Factor – Calculating slope length (LS) factor as part of
the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) based on slope and specific
catchment area.
809. Angle of Repose – Computing the steepest angle (depending on
the material) of a surface at which loose material such as soil will
remain in place rather than sliding or crumbling.
810. Salinity – Inspecting salinity with electromagnetic surveys
to find the electrical conductivity in soils and interpolating the
results to find unknowns.
811. Peaks and Summits – Detecting peaks and summits on a
landscape to help model salinity with elevation such as depression
areas have higher salinity. (Landserf)
812. Vegetation Erosion – Finding the dominant vegetation types
dependent on aspect and enhancing erosion modelling using aspect and
vegetation to see how slopes will erode over time along with
precipitation, temperature and growing periods.
813. Stereoscopy Tools – Creating stereo pairs from two aerial
photographs with anaglyph and virtual-z mode.
(PurVIEW)
814. Normalized Difference Soil Index (NDSI) – Gauging soil water
content from space using shortwave infrared, near infrared wavelength
and NDSI.
48体育娱乐GIS应用¶
815. Strava Heat Map – Heating up the road with over 375 billion
data points showing you exactly which routes other cyclists are
taking. (Strava Bicycle Routes)
816. Fitbit – Plugging in your Fitbit to map your runs.
817. Tennis Analytics – Dominating your tennis opponent with
in-depth spatial analytics. (Tennis
Analytics)
818. Ski Hill – Creating vicious triple black diamond ski runs
using steepest path.
819. Hiking Trail – Incorporating factors in trail development
like gentle slopes for an accumulated least cost path.
820. Optimal Road Trip – Planning a road trip of the century
across the United States using the shortest route for all major
landmarks.
821. Golf Course Water Systems – Planning a golf course’s
underground water system and sprinkler system in 3D.
822. Rollercoaster – Creating realistic a fly-through from
interpolated paths using 3D animation capability in ArcGIS Pro.
(Rollercoaster
Animation)
823. Heli-skiing – Assessing the impacts of heli-skiing on
mountain animal behavior using GPS trackers and frequently skiing
areas.
824. Stadium Security – Getting the big picture by giving police
and emergency responders to track activities on a web-based geospatial
platform.
825. Mountaineering – Climbing steep slopes in Google Street View.
826. Surf Breaks – Sizing up wave heights from satellite radar
altimeters in orbit. (GlobWave
Project)
827. Marathon Routing – Planning the route of a marathon using
elevation and base maps.
828. 3D Ski Maps – Touring a mountain virtually in realistic 3D
virtual tours. (3D Ski Maps in Golden
Software)
829. Football Stadiums – Turn maps into straight line journeys
with FME’s ShortestPathFinder transformer. (Football Stadiums
Journeys)
830. Google Earth Elevation Transect – Pulling out steep slopes
using the elevation transect tool in Google Earth for any given
cycling and jogging route.
831. Geocaching – Hunting for treasures and even survey monuments
through geocaching.
832. Swisstopo – Sculpting beautiful topography maps in 3D.
(SwissTopo)
833. Fishing Maps – Creating 3D bathymetric maps in real-time with
Sonar (Navionics)
834. Ride Sharing – Providing optimal and dynamic ride sharing in
urban areas.
835. Mapbox Outdoors – Powering your fitness and outdoor
applications with terrain maps that highlight thousands of biking,
hiking and running trails as well as ascents through topography lines.
(Mapbox Outdoors)
836. Sports Stadiums – Viewing complex geometries like sports
stadiums in 3D. (Vizitown QGIS 3D
Plugin)
49测量/地理设计GIS应用¶
837. Coordinate Calculator – Converting coordinate conversion tool
of choice for GIS. (Geography Calculator – Global
Mapper)
838. Fibre Optic Cable Design – Extracting LiDAR ground points to
assist in fibre optic cable design at water crossings.
839. Tissot Circles – Characterizing distortion from map
projections (Indicatrix Mapper QGIS
Plugin)
840. Global Positioning Systems – Locating the position of
anything and anywhere on Earth.
841. Ordnance Survey – Drafting out maps as one of the largest
producers of maps in the World. (Ordnance
Survey)
842. Equator Bulge – Measuring the bulge of Earth at the equator
843. Bearings – Importing bearings and distances from a survey for
parcel mapping and transcribing it on a map.
844. Triangulation – Using trigonometry to measure the angles in a
triangle formed by three survey control points
845. Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) – Obtaining a global
digital elevation model from inSAR.
(SRTM)
846. Geodetic National Adjustment – Adjusting datum positions with
the Geodetic National Adjustment.
50电信GIS应用¶
847. Radio-Wave Propagation – Estimating the propagation of
radio-waves for network with complex reflections and diffraction and
line-of-sight.
848. Locating Cell Towers – Locating cell tower placements in
urban areas using 3D building structures.
849. Network Management – Managing a network of telecommunication
cables and towers in a network data set.
850. Fresnel Zones – Finding the region of space between wireless
transmitter and receiver where obstructions cause interference to the
signal.
851. Antenna Height Optimization – Optimizing antenna height using
GIS 3D modelling.
852. Operations Support Systems (OSS) – Ensuring that network
functions properly including outages, billing, and testing through GIS
shared services.
853. Submarine Cable – Sketching out submarine cables that stretch
across oceans. (Submarine Cable
Map)
854. Network Signal Interpolation – Clustering geographically high
and low network signals and interpolating results in cellular signal
maps
855. Cellular Coverage Analysis – Maximizing cellular coverage
using tower height by using interference analysis including viewshed
and line-of-sight.
856. Frequency Management – Regulating radio spectrum to evaluate
frequency interactions when approving applications using use terrain,
environment, and building data. (Spectrum
Regulation)
857. Fibre Optic Cable – Planning fibre optic cable infrastructure
through network views showing capacity, equipment and customer
demographics.
858. Market Segmentation – Segmenting customers geographically and
forecast the demand for services where growth is likely to occur.
859. Operations – Investigating interruptions in service and
managing repair and maintenance work with the Autodesk Topobase
infrastructure model. (LIWEST and AutoCAD
3D)
860. Signal Expansion – Planning expansion by better understanding
signal strengths in three dimensional buildings – or mapping your home
Wi-Fi signal in 2D.
51旅游GIS应用¶
861. Personality Atlas – Assigning personality stereotypes to
countries around the world based on a sample size of global
population’s perspectives. (Personality
Atlas)
862. Tourist Map – Plotting out landmarks in tourist maps.
863. Sunrise and Sunset – Finding the perfect sunrise and sunset
during at any given location. (SunCalc)
864. Subway Map – Simplifying maps for the reader to better
understand such as the lines of a subway map in high contrasting
colors.
865. Linear Referencing – Using linear referencing along
shorelines to track volumes of organic debris.
866. Off-Beaten Tracks – Finding the off-beaten track for
backpackers and marking its position with 3 words. (Off-Beaten Track
Location –
What3Words)
867. Safe Travel – Advising travelers where unsafe location are on
a map.
868. Tourism Dollars – Tracking the exports of purchased goods and
services using desire lines.
869. Sustainable Tourism Planning – Identifying conflicting
interests from tourism and solving issues by examining suitable
locations for proposed developments.
870. Hotel Search – Searching geographically for five star hotels
using a circle radius.
871. Horizon Blockage – Calculating the horizon blocking line in
all directions from a given observation point with gvSIG’s Horizon
Blockage.
872. Travel Mode Detection – Detecting travel mode (walk, car,
bus, subway and commuter rail) from a multi-modal transportation
network using GIS and GPS in New York City.
873. Finding Islands – Using satellite to find uninhabited islands
around the world – Landsat found Landsat Island near the coast of
Canada.
874. Time Zones – Representing time zones around the world.
875. Eco-Tourism Site Selection – Gauging environmental impacts
for sustainable eco-tourism sites.
876. Virtual Travel – Seeing your destination before physically
being there. (Google Earth Street
View)
877. Geo-tagging – Discover places with 360 panoramic camera
views. (Mapillary)
878. Highway Planning – Constructing viewpoints with multiple
layers like ecology, topography and cultural features for a
three-dimensional visual highway.
879. Virtual Arctic – Exploring the Arctic in Google Street View
without getting out of your chair.
880. 3D Synthetic Scene – Overlaying synthetic scenes over real
scene. (Manifold)
881. Life Travels – Accompanying travellers in their life travels
in map-form. (Where in the World is
Andrew?)
882. Yellowstone – Putting all the pieces together in a GIS
database at Yellowstone National Park including its geologic past,
geyser recharge and seismic activity.
883. Trip Planning – Adventuring around for your next road trip
with pit stops and offbeat using suggested sites.
884. Observer Points – Calculating visibility through multiple
observer points.
885. Historic Street View – Time-travelling in the past to see
just how much a location has changed over time with historic street
view.
52传输GIS应用¶
886. Corridor Analyst – Identifying possible corridors and
preferred transmission routes using Least Cost Path engineering,
environment and combined routing algorithms. (Trimble Corridor
Analyst)
887. Transmission Line Monitoring – Monitoring overhead
transmission towers with active and passive satellite data.
888. Viewshed – Understanding the impacts of how a transmission
line would look using viewsheds.
889. Right-of-way – Buffering proposed transmission lines which
will be areas cleared for the transmission line.
890. Transmission Line Design – Considering slope, soils and land
use for factoring into transmission line design.
891. Tree Encroachment – Reducing risk of falling trees with LiDAR
in search for dead and dying trees near utility lines.
892. Public Consultation – Visualizing the transmission line with
towers during public using 2D and 3D environments.
893. Line Vision – Synchronizing 2D viewing in 3D environments
with viewports. (gvSIG 3D
Plugin)
894. 3D Geometry – Sketching up custom 3D transmission towers and
lines for import into ArcScene. (Google SketchUp and
COLLADA)
895. Line Profile – Utilizing slope profiles to generate terrain
profiles with Manifold GIS.
896. Environmental Monitoring – Referencing environmentally
sensitive sites along a linear transmission and reporting conflicting
points.
897. Map Automation – Generating maps automatically from tiles
along a transmission corridor with ArcGIS Data Driven Pages or QGIS
Atlas.
53交通GIS应用¶
898. Travelling Salesman – Constructing efficient journeys that
visit any number of points on a network in no particular order.
(Travelling
Salesman)
899. Hadoop – Leveraging the Hadoop framework for millions of data
points with big data spatial analytics. (Hadoop
Framework)
900. Deadliest Roads – Pinpointing the safest and deadliest roads
on the planet with the Roads Kills Map. Spoiler: Dominican Republic
has the most dangerous roads. (Roads Kill
Map)
901. Multimodal – Getting cars off the road for multi-modal
options by studying cycling paths and walkability.
902. Turn Restrictions – Adding restrictions to U-turns in a
network dataset. (TNT Network
Analysis)
903. Parking Demand – Estimating parking demand and its fit with
parking capacity with Python.
(PARKFIT)
904. A/B Testing – Making real-world choices sending cars to
various routes for the fastest deliveries. (Spatial A/B Testing)
905. Closest Facility – Solving the cost of traveling between
incidents and facilities for which are nearest to one other.
906. Infrastructure Damage – Reporting damaged infrastructure in a
browser web mapping system.
907. Motor Vehicle Collisions – Correlating motor vehicle
collisions with spatial attributes such as speed limits, guardrails
and on-street parking.
908. Intersection Analysis – Improving intersection safety through
crash and road safety analysis with the MapWindow Safety Software
Plugin.
909. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) – Feeding data from
GPS units, video cameras, and road monitoring units to advance
efficiency and safety of transportation systems.
910. Shortest Path – Generating the shortest, fastest, or
least-costly route between any number of origins and any number of
destinations, with any number of intermediate points. (Shortest Path)
911. Vessel Tracking – Plotting automatic identification system
(AIS) points on a map in real-time.
912. Network Travel Costs – Determining travel costs from each
origin to all destinations
913. Road Asset Management – Using ground survey data showing
assets on a roadway in Manifold GIS.
914. UPS Parcel Delivery – Seeing every driver in near-real time
to study safety and find shorter routes – saving time, tire tread, and
costs.
915. Floating Car Systems – Displaying taxi fleet in one hour.
(Floating Car Systems – Anita
Graser)
916. Logistics Management – Planning, implementing, and
controlling the efficient effective flow and storage of goods and
services from a point of origin to point of consumption.
917. Street Repair – Inventorying and reporting repairs on
streets.
918. Road Assessment – Taking measure of pavement through aerial
and mobile LiDAR.
919. Trip Generation/Production – Estimating the number of trips
that are produced or originate in each zone of a study area.
(TransCAD Trip Generation and
Production)
920. Railways – Tying railways together with CartoDB’s railways
map – from cargo to passenger trains. (Railroads – A Staple for
Growth)
921. Service Areas – Identifying service areas from a fixed points
along a network route to show response coverage for emergency
vehicles.
922. OD Cost Matrix – Improving coordination amongst
transportation providers when given multiple origins and multiple
destinations.
923. Paratransit – Accessing rides through address entry and
buffering points to find nearest routes.
924. World Traffic – Helping drivers get to destinations
efficiently with traffic conditions around the world. (World Traffic
Map)
925. Transportation Master Plan – Planning future highways and
roads by looking at growth of communities and traffic demand.
926. Airline Planning – Navigating to safer airspace by including
nearby land use to runway lighting systems.
927. Routing Workers – Optimizing routes by seeing overlap which
saves fuel costs.
928. Traffic Ways – Seeing the world as only traffic ways.
(Traffic Ways)
929. Carpooling – Adding carpool lots by analyzing the number of
incoming trips in a city.
930. Bus Route – Designing transit routes with cost and
demographic impacts. (TransMix Transit
Planning)
931. Active Transportation Planning – Leveraging the public with
Participatory Geographic Information Systems and active transportation
932. Conflation – Conflating two road datasets with OpenJump Vivid
extension “Road Mapper” or Spatial Adjustment in ArcGIS.
933. Infrastructure Life Cycle – Reiterating the process of
planning, designing, constructing, operating, and maintaining a
transportation system.
934. Inter-modal Transportation – Compiling two different modes of
transportation (such as rail and truck) to move goods or passengers.
935. Rails-to-Trails Conservancy – Converting unused railway into
a paved multi-use paths.
(Rails-to-Trails)
936. Traffic Congestion – Alleviating traffic congestion by making
the best possible use of the existing transportation network and
gathering data to improve decisions for modifying the network.
937. Sidewalk Inventory – Storing sidewalk data in a database with
attributes like width, surface type and clearing priority.
938. Transit Ridership – Collecting statistics on how many
passengers ride transit in a given neighborhood.
939. National Bridge Inventory – Making a repository of bridges in
a national-wide database.
940. UPS Telematics – Monitor performance and safety of package
cars Safety including seatbelt usage, speed and whether or not a door
was shut.
941. Urban Traffic Air Pollution – Recording urban traffic air
pollution and quality trough 3D visualization in planar and non-planar
views.
942. Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis – Selecting highway route
using multiple criteria. (Multi-criteria Decision Analysis QGIS
Plugin)
943. Walkability – Mapping out hot spots and cold spots with
walkability and kernel density.
944. Bike Sharing – Optimizing locations bike-sharing programs
stations.
54公用事业GIS应用¶
945. Billing Systems – Updating and correcting billing system for
the cost of street and security lighting. (Spatial Billing
Systems)
946. Network Management – Visualizing complex spatial webs of
utility networks as the foundation to manage the lifecycle of network
assets for utilities. (GE
Smallworld)
947. Emergency Repairs – Flagging potential emergencies with
weather forecasts, staging support where needed and logistics for the
movement of people.
948. Underground Utilities – Penetrating the ground with radar for
precise locations of underground gas, water, electrical and telephone
utilities.
949. Pole Inventory – Pinning down with GPS accuracy utility
poles.
950. Power Distribution – Figuring out where in a distribution
line could take down an entire network.
951. Vegetation Encroachment – Overlaying LiDAR data with
transmission to see where and how much vegetation is encroaching
952. Subsurface 3D Utility Model – Viewing underground utilities
in 3D.
953. Lifecycle Management – Updating life cycle status of utility
information as existing or proposed in GE SmallWorld
954. Permafrost – Assessing the impacts of permafrost freezing and
thawing on utility lines.
955. Utility Pole Replacement – Obtaining all the information when
replacing utility poles and other business operations (Asset ID,
construction date, overhead/underground conductor and conductors it
supports with number of wire and cable segments
956. Power Outages – Helping customers keep the lights on with
assets and attributes such as poles and transformers in AutoCAD Map
3D.
957. Cost Path – Laying out a gas pipeline from one location to
another location with a CAD schematic in AutoCAD 3D.
958. Energy Usage – Mapping trends of electricity usage that are
metered to a network.
959. Smart Grids – Determining optimal locations for smart grid
and real-time analytic components.
960. Infrastructure Design – Planning network infrastructure,
build, operations and maintenance with Smallworld Core.
961. Energy Demand Estimation – Combining building volume, number
of floors and other characteristics to predict the energy demand for
heating and cooling using 3D city models in Germany. (Energy Demand
Estimates)
962. Schematics – Representing a complex utilities network in a
simple schematics diagram with ArcGIS Schematics.
963. Street View Measure – Examining utility operations in street
view and measuring distances (MM Plugin in ArcGIS)
964. Line Extension Easements – Creating electrical line extension
easements (legal rights of access) in GE SmallWorld Electric Office
Geospatial Asset Management
965. Cloud Computing – Building and sharing maps in the cloud for
common operating and faster decision-making. (GIS
Cloud)
55志愿GIS和开放技术¶
966. GIS Corps – Volunteering in GIS projects such as bridging the
divide between the world’s insurance markets and the most vulnerable,
low-income people. (GIS Corps)
967. National Geographic Society – Preserving and protecting our
planet as a global non-profit organization funding hundreds of
projects each year. (National Geographic
Society)
968. Urban and Regional Information Systems Association (URISA) –
Solving challenges in local and national governments through GIS and
other information technologies. (URISA)
969. Wikimapia – Describing the world in online, editable maps and
mashups with free data available for you to experiment with and create
unique applications. (Wikimapia)
970. OpenStreetMap – Establishing open information as a free,
editable map through volunteered input. (Founder Steve
Coast)
971. Open Geospatial Consortium – Making quality open standards
for the global geospatial community. (Open Geospatial
Consortium)
972. USGS Earth Explorer – Opening up satellite data to the world
for free. (USGS Earth Explorer)
973. NASA World Wind – Monitoring weather patterns, visualize
cities and terrain, track the movement of planes, vehicles and ships,
analyze geospatial data, and educate people about the Earth with the
cross-platform, Java-based NASA World Wind. (NASA World
Wind)
974. Open Source Geospatial Foundation (OSGeo) – Supporting the
collaborative development of open source geospatial software, and
promoting its widespread use. (OSGeo)
975. ArcGIS Open Data – Exploring tens of thousands of data sets
around the world from thousands of organizations around the world.
(ArcGIS Open Data)
976. Real-Time Collaboration – Collaborating in OpenStreetMap with
multiple user entries. (Real-time
Collaboration)
977. Natural Earth – Producing public domain data with beautiful
cartography layers.
978. Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) – Harnessing tools
to create, assemble, and disseminate geographic data provided
voluntarily by individuals (Citizens as Sensors – Goodchild,
2007)
979. QGIS – Pioneering the #1 option for open GIS software. (QGIS
Founder – Gary Sherman)
56气象GIS应用¶
980. Real-time Lightning – Capturing real-time lightning strikes
in a map with monitoring stations located around the world.
(Real-time Lightning)
981. Global Wind Vectors – Displaying gusting winds with vectors
as directions. (Global Wind – Null
School)
982. Albedo – Measuring albedo for Earth’s heat budget using
surface reflectance satellite data – bright areas reflect more than
dark areas.
983. Solar Irradiance – Harnessing the power of solar energy with
the Global Horizontal Solar Irradiance. (Global Horizontal
Irradiance)
984. Night-Day Boundary – Illustrating which parts of the Earth
that people are fast asleep and are wide awake with the night-day
boundary map. (Night-Day Boundary)
985. Rainfall – Illustrating rainfall in NOAA’s National Weather
Service web map.
986. NASA Ocean Color – Downloading chlorophyll-a concentrations
and sea surfaces temperature data sets for studying the increasing
risk from ocean acidification and hypoxia. (NASA Ocean Color)
987. Historical Weather – Discerning weather patterns by studying
old weather. (Old Weather)
988. Temperature – Mapping out temperature with multi-dimensional
NetCDF which includes dimensions of latitude, longitude, altitude, and
time. (NASA Temperature
NetCDF)
989. Snowfall – Knowing how much snowfall occurred where. (NOAA
Snowfall Data)
990. Azimuth – Calculating solar elevation, solar azimuth, and sun
hours in the sky for each location (R.Sun – GRASS
GIS)
991. Weather Anomalies – Tracking weather events in a spatial
database such as snow in the Sahara desert or southern Algeria.
992. 3D Snow Depths – Plotting out 3D snow depths at ski resorts
using Golden Software. (Snow Depth
Map)
993. Pacific Ocean Blob – Mapping the extent of “The Blob” – an
anomalous body having sea surface temperature much above the normal.
994. 3D Atmospheric Data – Visualizing layers of the atmospheric
features as a vertical profile.
995. Ocean Surface Current Analysis Real-Time (OSCAR) – Delivering
near real-time global ocean surface currents. (OSCAR Data)
996. Weather Warnings – Feeding out live warnings with physical
locations from National Weather Service. (Weather
Warnings)
997. Historical Precipitation – Observing historical precipitation
from ground stations and radar in NetCDF with MapWindow Meteobase.
998. Cirrus Clouds – Detecting cirrus cloud with Landsat’s Cirrus
band.
999. Hovmoller Diagrams – Plotting meteorological data with
latitude and longitude as axis. (Hovmoller Diagrams –
ILWIS)
1000. Doppler Radar – Predicting rainfall using Doppler Radar.
1001. Sky View Factor – Considering the visible sky and
topographic influences to estimate radiation balances, temperature and
evapotranspiration.
1002. Weather Stations – Obtaining the latitude and longitude
positions of weather stations around the world.
现在轮到你了。接下来是什么？¶
我们已经证明，GIS是一种强大的工具，它在全球几乎所有学科中都有一席之地。数以百万计的决策正由GIS支持。
不用说：
在日常生活中，GIS在空间决策中起着重要作用。
一位伟人曾经说过：
在看到数据与其他事物的关系之前，您不会完全理解数据。
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